Multi-user media presentation system

ABSTRACT

One or more embodiments of the disclosure provide systems and methods for providing media presentations to users of a media presentation system. A media presentation generally includes a plurality of media segments provided by multiple users of the media presentation system. In one or more embodiments, a user of the media presentation system may share a media presentation with a co-user. The media presentation system can enable the co-user, if authorized by the user, to contribute (e.g., add a media segment) to a media presentation shared with the co-user.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/436,641, filed Jun. 10, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 15/937,445, filed Mar. 27, 2018, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 10,318,231, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.No. 14/755,837, filed Jun. 30, 2015, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,928,023, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/675,401, filed Mar. 31, 2015, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,772,813.The aforementioned applications are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

One or more embodiments relate to systems and methods for providingmedia content to multiple users. More specifically, one or moreembodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods fordistributing media content among multiple users.

2. Background and Relevant Art

Through advancements in computing devices and computing technology,users can often share user-generated media with other users. As such,users are increasingly capturing and sharing experiences using variouscomputing devices. For example, modern mobile devices enable users tocapture and share pictures, videos, and text with co-users (e.g., familymembers, co-workers, friends, or with the public at large). Forinstance, a user can share user-generated content with a group offriends via a variety of communication systems (e.g., IM, text, orsocial networks).

Despite advances in technology, a number of drawbacks remain for a userwanting to share user-generated media with other users. For example,conventional communication systems that allow users to shareuser-generated media often provide a cluttered and confusingpresentation of the shared content. To illustrate, a user can create anew media post upon sharing a picture or video with a group of co-users.One or more co-users in the group may respond to the post by sharinganother picture or video with the group. Accordingly, the user, theco-user, and other co-users in the group can continue to share picturesand/or videos under the original post. As the number of shared picturesand shared videos increase, conventional systems typically create a listof response posts, and thus the list of responses can become long,cluttered, and difficult to navigate.

Another disadvantage of conventional systems is that many conventionalsystems are directed toward media posts that are individualistic innature. In other words, a thread of posts between multiple users focuseson interactions between the individual user that created the post andthe other co-users interacting with the user, rather than a group ofusers interacting with each other as a group. Thus, many conventionalsystems do not provide an environment where a group of users canco-create and share group-created media with each other.

Some conventional systems that allow users to share user-generated mediawith other users attempt to reduce interface clutter by removing,deleting, or denying additional access to shared media once a co-useraccesses the shared media. Specifically, in these conventional systems,a co-user's access to the shared media ends after the co-user accessesthe shared media (e.g., views a shared photo or video). Although theseconventional systems provide an effort to reduce clutter, theseconventional systems do so at the expense of further increasing theisolation of each post between users. In other words, because users vieweach media post in isolation, and because each media post is removedautomatically after a user accesses the media, participating in a mediaconversation using these conventional systems is difficult. This isespecially the case with a group media conversation involving multipleusers.

Accordingly, there are a number of considerations to be made inimproving a user experience in relation to creating and participating inmultimedia conversations with a group of users.

SUMMARY

One or more embodiments described herein provide benefits and/or solveone or more of the foregoing or other problems in the art with systemsand methods of creating and sharing collaborative media content betweenco-users. For example, principles described herein provide systems andmethods that allow a user to view, contribute to, and create mediapresentations that include media segments generated and provided by theuser and/or multiple co-users. In particular, one or more embodimentsdescribed herein include systems and methods for generating anddistributing a collaborative media presentation that includes mediasegments contributed by multiple users. In addition, the principlesdescribed herein provide systems and methods for providing a userinterface for providing numerous media presentations to a user in anefficient and intuitive manner.

In particular, the systems and methods disclosed herein allow multipleco-users to create collaborative media presentations to share with eachother and other co-users. For example, the methods and systems enable auser to easily append media to a media presentation shared from aco-user. To illustrate, a user can receive a shared video presentationthat originates from a co-user. The systems and methods described hereinprovide the user the ability to easily capture and append a new video tothe shared video presentation. Specifically, after the user appends thenew video to the shared video presentation, the shared videopresentation includes two video segments (e.g., the original sharedvideo, and the new video). The systems and methods described herein canthen facilitate the sharing of the video presentation with the appendednew video with other co-users, for example, a group of co-users.

In some embodiments, the systems and methods disclosed herein candetermine if a user is authorized to add media to a media presentationshared with the user. For example, in some example embodiments, thesystems and methods may determine a user that created a mediapresentation has authorized a co-user to view the media presentation,but the co-user is not authorized to add or append media to thecollaborative media presentation. Furthermore, in one or moreembodiments, a user that creates a media presentation may placeadditional restrictions or limitations on the number, length, and typeof media that other co-users can add to the media presentation.

In addition, the systems and methods disclosed herein provide a userwith a media presentation feed that organizes media presentations forpresentation to the user. For example, the systems and methods disclosedherein provide a graphical user interface that enables efficientnavigation between media presentations within a feed of mediapresentations. Moreover, the systems and methods disclosed hereinprovide efficient and intuitive navigation between various mediasegments within a media presentation. As a result, a user can quicklynavigate and experience the media presentations in a manner that reducesuser interface clutter and increases user enjoyment. Similarly, a usercan intuitively navigate through media segments within a mediapresentation to experience a media presentation in an enjoyable manner.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the descriptionwhich follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or maybe learned by the practice of such exemplary embodiments. The featuresand advantages of such embodiments may be realized and obtained by meansof the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in theappended claims. These and other features will become more fullyapparent from the following description and appended claims, or may belearned by the practice of such exemplary embodiments as set forthhereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to describe the manner in which the above recited and otheradvantages and features of one or more embodiments can be obtained, amore particular description will be rendered by reference to specificembodiments thereof that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale, and thatelements of similar structure or function are generally represented bylike reference numerals for illustrative purposes throughout thefigures. These drawings depict only typical embodiments, and are nottherefore considered to be limiting of its scope. Accordingly, variousembodiments will be described and explained with additional specificityand detail using the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a communication system inaccordance with one or more embodiments described herein;

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a media presentation system incommunication with one or more client devices in accordance with one ormore embodiments described herein;

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate an exemplary graphical user interface showing anexample media presentation feed in accordance with one or moreembodiments;

FIGS. 4A-4D illustrate an exemplary graphical user interface showing anexample process of capturing a media segment to add to a mediapresentation in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 5A-5F illustrate an exemplary graphical user interface of anexample process of playing one or more media presentations in accordancewith one or more embodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method of providing a mediapresentation to a user in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein;

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method of providing an appendedmedia presentation to a user and co-users in accordance with one or moreembodiments;

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram of a client device in accordance withone or more embodiments;

FIG. 9 illustrates a network environment of a social networking systemin accordance with one or more embodiments described herein; and

FIG. 10 illustrates an example social graph of a social networkingsystem in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments disclosed herein provide benefits and/or solve one or moreof the abovementioned or other problems in the art with a mediapresentation system that improves a user's experience for creating andparticipating in collaborative multimedia conversations with otherusers. In particular, the media presentation system easily allows a userto receive, view, contribute to, and create media presentations thatinclude media segments contributed by multiple users. Additionally, inone or more embodiments, the media presentation system provides anintuitive graphical user interface that allows a user to efficientlynavigate, view, create, contribute to, and otherwise experience mediapresentations within a media presentation feed.

In particular, one or more embodiments of the media presentation systemallow a user to view media presentations created by one or more co-usersof the media presentation system. For example, the co-user may capture amedia segment with a client device. Using the captured media segment,the media presentation system may generate a media presentation andshare the media presentation with the user and other co-users (e.g.,send the media presentation to computing devices associated with theuser and other co-users).

In addition, after receiving the media presentation, the user and/or oneor more other co-users of the media presentation system may add one ormore media segments to the media presentation. The media presentationsystem can manage the media presentation to provide the one or moreadded media segments to the user and co-users. For example, the mediapresentation system can update the media presentation to include the oneor more added media segments in the media presentation (e.g., the mediapresentation system can append the added media segments to the mediapresentation). As such, the media presentation system can provide anupdated media presentation to the user and other co-users that includesthe one or more added media segments for the users to view or otherwiseexperience.

In some example embodiments, for instance, the media presentation systemmay include a menu option, button, or other selectable graphical elementthat allows the user to add a media segment to the media presentation.For example, in one or more embodiments the media presentation systemcan graphically overlay a selectable graphical element over thepresentation of a media presentation. Upon the user interacting with theselectable graphical element, the media presentation system can allowthe user to add a media segment to the media presentation.

A user's ability to add a media segment to a media presentation maydepend on whether the user is authorized to add a media segment to themedia presentation. In one or more embodiments, for example, the mediapresentation system may allow a user that creates a media presentationto associate permissions or authorizations with the media presentation.For instance, the media presentation system can allow a user toauthorize only a select user, or a select group of users, to add a mediasegment to a media presentation that the user creates. In otherembodiments, however, a user can authorize any user to add mediasegments to a media presentation (e.g., an open public mediapresentation). Therefore, one or more example media presentation systemsallow a user to control which other users of the media presentationsystem can add a media segment to a media presentation the user creates.

Accordingly, in one or more embodiments, the media presentation systemcan determine whether a user is authorized to add a media segment to amedia presentation. For example, the media presentation system maydetermine whether a user that created a media presentation authorizedthe user to add a media segment to the media presentation. In someinstances, when the media presentation system determines that the useris not permitted to add a media segment to a media presentation, themedia presentation system can permit the user to view the mediapresentation, but not add a media segment to the media presentation. Inone or more embodiments, the media presentation system suppresses thedisplay of a selectable graphical element, which allows the user to adda media segment to the media presentation when the user is notauthorized to add a media segment.

As will be further explained below, some example embodiments of themedia presentation system provide a graphical user interface thatpresents a plurality of media presentations to a user. For example, themedia presentation system may present a plurality of media presentationsto the user in a media presentation feed. As the user navigates throughthe media presentations in the media presentation feed, the mediapresentation system may selectively activate (e.g., play) and deactivate(e.g., pause) media presentations based on the location of the mediapresentations within the media presentation feed with respect to thegraphical user interface.

In addition to presenting several media presentations to the user, insome embodiments, the media presentation system can enable the user tostart or otherwise create a media presentation. For instance, and asdiscussed briefly above, the media presentation system can assist theuser in selecting which co-users can view the media presentation and/orwhich co-users can add to the media presentation. Further, the mediapresentation system may allow the user to approve, edit, or remove mediasegments added by the user or by other co-users to the mediapresentation.

Accordingly, one or more embodiments of the media presentation systemovercome one or more of the disadvantages of conventional systems byproviding systems and methods to allow users to create and sharecollaborative media presentations. As such, example embodiments of themedia presentation system allow users to participate in collaborativemedia conversations in an intuitive and enjoyable manner. Moreover, oneor more embodiments of the media presentation system provide a graphicaluser interface that eliminates user interface clutter and confusioninherent in conventional systems due to having duplicate copies of mediaand/or long lists of media, which require the user to spend significantamounts of time to manually experience the shared media content. Inaddition, and as will be describe in more detail below, exampleembodiments of a media presentation system can provide continued accessto a collaborative media presentation for users to continue to enjoy andshare, while at the same time overcoming user interface clutter (e.g., auser's media contribution is not simply erased to reduce clutter as withsome conventional systems).

The term “media,” as used herein refers to digital data that may betransmitted over a communication network. Examples of media include, butare not limited to, digital photos, digital video files, digital audiofiles, and/or streaming content. Accordingly, media may refer to images,video, audio, text, documents, animations, or any other audio/visualcontent that may be transmitted over a communication network. Inaddition, examples of media can include user-generated media (e.g.,content that a user captures using a media capturing feature of a smartphone, such as digital photos or videos) as well as nonuser-generatedmedia (e.g., content generated by a party other than a user, but towhich the user has access).

The term “media segment,” as used herein refers generally to a discreteportion of media. A media segment may include an image segment, videosegment, and/or an audio segment. For example, a media segment may be animage segment that is displayed for a duration of time. As anotherexample, a media segment may include a video clip or an audio clip.

As used herein, the term “media presentation” refers to a defined set ofone or more media segments. For example, a media presentation caninclude a plurality of media segments contributed by one or more users.As such, in one or more embodiments, a media presentation can include acompilation of media segments composed by multiple users. For example, amedia presentation may include a thread of related media segmentscaptured by two or more users in a conversation with each other about aparticular topic. Additionally, a media presentation can include asingle media segment, provided by a user, to which other users canappend one or more additional media segments (e.g., the creation of anew media presentation).

As used herein, the terms “interact” or “interacting” refer generally toany type of interface activity between a user and a client device. Forexample, interacting can include a user viewing, browsing, accessing,and/or otherwise experiencing video content. Moreover, interacting caninclude selecting elements on a client device, such as selecting menuoptions or graphical buttons to create a media presentation or add amedia segment to an existing media presentation. For instance, a usercan interact with a client device to capture a media segment, replay acaptured media segment, approve a captured media segment, request acaptured media segment be added to a media presentation, or cancelcapture of a media segment. In one or more embodiments, a user caninteract with a client device using one or more user input devices, suchas a touch screen, touchpad, or mouse.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example embodiment of a communication system 100(or simply, “system 100”) in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. As shown, the system 100 may include a mediapresentation system 102, a first client device 104a, and a second clientdevice 104 b (collectively “client devices 104”), that arecommunicatively coupled through a network 106. Optionally, the system100 may include a social networking system 108 connected to the mediapresentation system 102 and client devices 104 via the network 106.Although FIG. 1 illustrates a particular arrangement of the mediapresentation system 102, client devices 104, the social networkingsystem 108, and the network 106, various additional arrangements arepossible. For example, the client devices 104 may directly communicatewith the media presentation system 102, bypassing the network 106.

As mentioned above, the media presentation system 102, the clientdevices 104, and the social networking system 108 may communicate viathe network 106. The network 106 may include one or more networks andmay use one or more communications platforms or technologies suitablefor transmitting data and/or communication signals. Additional detailsrelating to the network 106 are explained below with reference to FIG.8.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1, a user 110 may interact with the firstclient device 104 a and a co-user 112 may interact with the secondclient device 104 b. The user 110 and/or the co-user 112 may be anindividual (i.e., human user), a business, a group, or other entity. Forsake of explanation, FIG. 1 illustrates only one user 110 and oneco-user 112, however, it should be understood that system 100 mayinclude any number of users, with each of the users interacting with thesystem 100 with one or more client devices. Likewise, it should beunderstood that the terms “user” and “co-user” are generally used forpurposes of explanation, and that the user 110 and the co-user 112 areboth simply users of the media presentation system 102.

As mentioned above, the user 110 and the co-user 112 may interact withclient devices 104 a and 104 b, respectively, to communicate with themedia presentation system 102 and/or social networking system 108. Theclient devices 104 may represent various types of client devices. Forexample, the client devices 104 can include: a mobile device such as amobile telephone, a smartphone, a PDA, a tablet, a laptop; a non-mobiledevice such as a desktop or server; or any other type of computingdevice. Additional details and examples with respect to the clientdevices 104 are discussed below with respect to FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 1 and as mentioned above, the system 100 can includethe social networking system 108. In some embodiments, however, thesystem 100 does not include a social networking system 108.Nevertheless, the media presentation system 102, the user 110, and/orthe co-user 112 may be associated with the social networking system 108.For example, the user 110 may authorize the media presentation system102 to access the social networking system 108 to obtain informationabout the user 110, such as the user's social networking contacts andaffinity to each social networking contact. The media presentationsystem 102 may also use the social networking system 108 to share mediapresentations among users of the media presentation system 102 who arealso users of the social networking system 108. For instance, the mediapresentation system 102 may post, on behalf of the user 110, a mediapresentation to which the user contributes, on newsfeeds of socialnetworking users who are connected to the user 110.

As briefly discussed above, the system 100 includes the mediapresentation system 102. In general, the media presentation system 102facilitates the generation and distribution of media presentations. Themedia presentation system 102 further enables the user 110 to sharemedia presentations with the co-user 112, as well as receive sharedmedia presentations from the co-user 112.

Regardless of the particular components or arrangement of components ofthe system 100, the system 100 generally allows users of the system tocreate and share media presentations that include media segmentscontributed from multiple users. As a non-limiting overview example, theco-user 112 may capture media on the second client device 104 b (e.g., adigital video) and create a media presentation that includes thecaptured media as a media segment. The co-user 112 can then share themedia presentation with the user 110 via the media presentation system102. For example, the media presentation system 102 can provide themedia presentation to the first client device 104 a to present the mediapresentation to the user 110.

In addition, the media presentation system 102 can facilitate a processto allow the user 110 to add a media segment to the media presentation.For example, the user 110 can use the first client device 104 a tocapture a media segment that the media presentation system 102 canappend to the media presentation. The media presentation system 102 maythen provide the appended media presentation to the second client device104 b for presentation to co-user 112. The media presentation system 102may also provide additional media presentations to the user 110 and theco-user 112 from other co-users of the media presentation system 102.Additional details of the media presentation system 102 will bedescribed in additional detail with respect to FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a media presentation system102 in communication with one or more client devices 104. The mediapresentation system 102 in FIG. 2 can represent one or more embodimentsof the media presentation system 102 discussed above with reference toFIG. 1. Similarly, the client device 104 shown in FIG. 2 may representone or more embodiments of the first client device 104 a and/or thesecond client device 104 b discussed above with reference to FIG. 1. Forexample, the media presentation system 102 and the client device 104 inFIG. 2 can be part of the communication system 100 illustrated in FIG.1.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the media presentation system 102 can include,but is not limited to, a media presentation generator 210, anauthorization manager 212, a distribution manager 214, a mediapresentation database 216, and a user profile database 218. In general,the media presentation generator 210 can receive media segments from theclient device(s) 104 and use the media segments to generate new orupdated media presentations. The authorization manager 212 can managepermissions associated with media presentations, for example, whether ornot a particular user is authorized to add media segments to aparticular media presentation. The distribution manager 214 can providemedia presentations to one or more users of the media presentationsystem 102 via the client device(s) 104. The media presentation database216 can maintain a plurality of media presentations and/or mediasegments, and the user profile database 218 can maintain userinformation for users of the media presentation system 102.

Each component of the media presentation system 102 may be implementedusing a computing device including at least one processor executinginstructions that cause the media presentation system 102 to perform theprocesses described herein. In some embodiments, the components of themedia presentation system 102 can be implemented by a single serverdevice, or across multiple server devices. Although a particular numberof components are shown in FIG. 2, the media presentation system 102 caninclude more components or can combine the components into fewercomponents (such as a single component), as may be desirable for aparticular embodiment.

As briefly mentioned above, and as illustrated in FIG. 2, the mediapresentation system 102 may include a media presentation generator 210.The media presentation generator 210 may create a new media presentationor generate an updated media presentation, as described below. The mediapresentation generator 210 may also communicate with the mediapresentation database 216, which may store media presentations and/ormedia segments.

In one or more embodiments, for example, the media presentationgenerator 210 may generate a media presentation when the mediapresentation system 102 receives one or more media segments from theclient device 104. For example, a user may request, on the client device104, to create a new media presentation or add a media segment to anexisting media presentation. In response, the client device 104 maycapture a media segment, and then send the media segment to the mediapresentation system 102 to create a new media presentation or to add toan existing media presentation.

To illustrate, the media presentation system 102 may receive a mediasegment from the first client device 104 a. The media segment mayinclude an indication that identifies the media segment as a new mediapresentation or identifies the media segment as corresponding to anexisting media presentation. For example, a media segment may includemetadata that identifies the media segment as part of a new mediapresentation or as part of an existing media presentation. For instance,in the event a user, via the first client device 104a, submits a mediasegment intended to be the first media segment of a new mediapresentation, the metadata can include identification data that is nullor identification data that otherwise indicates the media segment is notassociated with any existing media presentation. On the other hand, whena user submits a media segment that is intended to be associated with anexisting media presentation, the metadata can include identificationdata that uniquely references the existing media presentation.

Accordingly, after the media presentation system 102 receives a mediasegment, the media presentation generator 210 may determine that themedia segment is not associated with an existing media presentation, andin response, the media presentation generator 210 may generate a newmedia presentation that includes the received media segment. As part ofcreating a new media presentation, for example, the media presentationgenerator 210 can associate identification data with the mediapresentation that the media presentation system 102 can use to identifythe media presentation, as well as associate other properties orsettings with the media presentation, as will be further describedbelow.

In some embodiments, upon creating a media presentation, the mediapresentation generator 210 can create a media presentation file to storeinformation and metadata for the media presentation. The file mayinclude data structures such as one or more tables, arrays, databases,etc. Further, the media presentation generator 210 may store the mediapresentation file in the media presentation database 216 in connectionwith the media presentation.

The media presentation file can include information, such as a user IDcorresponding to the user that created the file. In addition, the mediapresentation file can include links or pointers to media segmentsincluded in the media presentation (e.g., the location of a mediasegment stored within the media presentation database 216). Further, themedia presentation file can include information about each mediasegment, such as which users contributed each media segment, which usersare associated with each media segment (e.g., tagged, identified in,etc.), the order each media segment should be presented on the clientdevice 104 (e.g., play list order), a image that represent each file(e.g., a frame from the media segment, a user selected image, a defaultimage, etc.), and/or information about each media segment (e.g., likes,shares, views, etc.). In this manner, the media presentation generator210 may create a media presentation by associating and/or threading anumber of media segments together.

Further, the media presentation file can include permission andauthorization information. For example, the media presentation file mayindicate which users are authorized to view and which users arepermitted to contribute to the media presentation. As another example,the media presentation file can indicate which users can modify mediasegments within the media presentation and/or remove the mediapresentation from the media presentation system 102.

In addition to determining a media segment is not associated with anexisting media presentation, the media presentation generator 210 candetermine that a received media segment is associated with an existingmedia presentation. Based on determining that a media segment isassociated with an existing media presentation, the media presentationgenerator 210 may update the existing media presentation to include thereceived media segment.

In one or more embodiments, the media presentation generator 210 mayappend the received media segment to one or more media segmentscorresponding to a media presentation. Specifically, the mediapresentation system 102 may receive a media segment from a client device104. Further, the media presentation system 102 may identify thereceived media segment as belonging to an existing media presentation.Next, the media presentation generator 210 may append the received mediafile to the identified media presentation.

In some example embodiments, the media presentation generator 210 mayappend a media segment to a media presentation by updating the mediapresentation file associated with the media presentation. For example,upon the media presentation system 102 receiving a media segment that isto be appended or added to an existing media presentation, the mediapresentation generator 210 may update the media presentation file topoint to the received media segment. For instance, the mediapresentation generator 210 may add a link or pointer to the location thereceived media segment is stored in the media presentation database 216and/or by a third-party (e.g., linked to or embedded on a third-partysite).

The media presentation generator 210 may also update the mediapresentation file associated with the media presentation to indicate theposition or order of the received media segment in relation to the othermedia segments in the media presentation. For example, the mediapresentation generator 210 may indicate whether the received mediasegment should be played last, or alternatively, played before anothermedia segment in the media presentation. Accordingly, each time a mediapresentation is updated (e.g., a media segment is added, removed, ormodified), the media presentation generator 210 may update the mediapresentation file corresponding to the media presentation.

Because, in some embodiments, the media presentation generator 210generates media presentations by linking media segments together (e.g.,in a media presentation file), the media presentation generator 210 mayinclude the same media segment in numerous media presentations withoutstoring duplicate portions of the same media segment on the mediapresentation system 102 or on client devices. In other words, more thanone media presentation file may link or point to the same media segment.For example, a user can user the same media segment in several mediapresentations, and the media presentation system 102 may only store themedia segment once. As another example, multiple users may include thesame media segment (e.g., a popular or trending media segment) inseveral different media presentations, and the media presentation system102 may link to the same media segment in each of the several mediapresentations.

In an alternate embodiment, upon receiving a media segment that themedia presentation system 102 identifies as corresponding to an existingmedia presentation, the media presentation generator 210 may create anew media presentation that creates a new content file that includes theexisting media presentation content as well as the received mediasegment content. In this manner, each time a media segment is modified,updated, and/or removed, the media presentation generator 210 may createa new media presentation content file. Further, the media presentationgenerator 210 may overwrite or remove one or more previous versions of amedia presentation content file when a media presentation is updated.

Additionally, the media presentation generator 210 may create both anupdated media presentation file as well as an updated content file eachtime the media presentation generator 210 updates a media presentationwith another media segment. For example, the updated media presentationfile may point to the updated content file, as it is stored on the mediapresentation system 102. For example, the media presentation file mayinclude a single link that points to the media presentation content filestored on the media presentation system 102. As another example, themedia presentation file may include a link to the media presentationstored at another location, such as on a third-party site.

When generating a new media presentation with one or more mediasegments, the media presentation generator 210 may determine a title forthe media presentation. For example, the media presentation generator210 may suggest a title based on the users that contribute to a mediapresentation. Further, if the media presentation generator 210 detects alocation and/or event associate with one or more media segment in themedia presentation, the media presentation generator 210 may suggest thelocation as a title to the media presentation. In one or more additionalembodiments, the media presentation generator 210 may provide or suggesta title for a media presentation based on a number of other factors orcharacteristics.

FIG. 2 also illustrates an authorization manager 212. In general, theauthorization manager 212 can manage authorizations related to mediapresentation systems. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, theauthorization manager 212 can manage a user's ability to contribute to amedia presentation shared with the user. For example, the authorizationmanager 212 may determine whether a user is authorized to add a mediasegment to a media presentation shared with the user.

More specifically, the authorization manager 212 may determine whether auser is authorized to add a media segment to a media presentation sharedwith the user using a variety of factors. To illustrate, theauthorization manager 212 may determine if a co-user that creates amedia presentation has authorized the user to add a media segment to themedia presentation. In another instance, the authorization manager 212may determine if a contributor to the media presentation has authorizedthe user to add a media segment.

In one or more embodiments, for example, a user that creates a mediapresentation or contributes to a media presentation may specify withwhom to share a media segment or a media presentation. In someembodiments, the user may have default sharing preferences. Theauthorization manager 212 may identify these sharing preferences foreach media segment or media segment. In some cases, the authorizationmanager 212 may identify that the user indicated that the public atlarge is permitted to view and/or contribute to a media segment or amedia presentation. In other cases, the authorization manager 212 mayidentify that the user indicated select users, or a select group ofusers, to permit to view a particular media segment or mediapresentation. For example, the authorization manager 212 may identifypreferences that the user would like to share a media presentation withfriends, co-workers, family members, and/or neighbors. Moreover, theauthorization manager 212 may identify a custom list of co-users withwhom the user has indicated to share a media presentation.

In additional or alternative embodiments, the authorization manager 212may determine a user's authorization based a social networkingrelationship and/or affinity between users (e.g., based on an affinitycoefficient between users meeting a predetermined threshold, which isdescribed below). In some instances, the authorization manager 212 mayauthorize a user who receives a media presentation based on the user'ssocial networking affinity to a creator and/or a contributor of themedia presentation (e.g., “friends,” “friends of friends,” within acommon group, etc.). For example, the authorization manager 212 mayautomatically determine that the user is authorized if the user isdirectly connected socially to a creator and/or a contributor of a mediapresentation via a social networking system.

If the authorization manager 212 determines that a user is authorized toadd a media segment to a media presentation, the authorization manager212 may provide an indication within or in connection with the mediapresentation before the media presentation system 102 shares the mediapresentation with other users. For example, the authorization manager212 may include a set binary bit (e.g., set to “1”) in a mediapresentation that is to be shared with a specific user indicating thatthe particular user is authorized to add a media segment to the mediapresentation. Otherwise, the authorization manager 212 may include anunset bit (e.g., set to “0”) or null bit with the media presentationwhen the particular user is not authorized to add a media segment to themedia presentation. As described below, a client device may provide auser the ability to add a media segment to a media presentation when theclient device receives an indication that the user is authorized to adda media segment to the media presentation.

After determining authorization for a user, the authorization manager212 may determine whether a user's authorization has changed since themedia presentation was shared with the user. For example, theauthorization manager 212 may determine that a user is not authorized toadd a media segment to a media presentation shared with the user. Assuch, the media presentation system 102 provides the media presentationto a user to allow the user to access the media presentation asview-only. Subsequently, the authorization manager 212 may determinethat the user is authorized to add a media segment to the mediapresentation. The media presentation system 102 may then notify theuser, via the client device associated with the user, that the user isnow authorized to add a media segment to the media presentation.Similarly, the media presentation system 102 may send a notification fora client device to remove the ability to add a media segment to themedia presentation when the authorization manager 212 determines thatthe user no longer is authorized.

Additionally, or in the alternative to determining authorization at thetime of providing or presenting a media presentation to a user, theauthorization manager 212 may verify authorization of a user upon themedia presentation system 102 receiving a media segment to add to amedia presentation. For example, the authorization manager 212 mayverify that the user is authorized to add the received media segment tothe media presentation before the media presentation system 102 appendsthe media segment to the media presentation and distributes the appendedmedia presentation. If the authorization manager 212 determines the userthat submitted the media segment is not authorized to add a mediasegment to the media presentation, the authorization manager 212 may asend message to the user indicating that the user is not authorized toadd a media segment to the media presentation.

In additional or alternative embodiments of the media presentationsystem 102, the authorization manager 212 may determine whether a userwith whom a media presentation is shared can edit and/or remove a mediapresentation. Similar to adding a media segment described above, theauthorization manager 212 may determine that a user can edit (e.g.,remove a media segment, reorder the media segments, etc.) and/or removea media presentation based on a number of factors, such as those factorsdescribed above.

As mentioned above, the media presentation system 102 includes adistribution manager 214. In general, the distribution manager 214 sendsmedia presentations to users of the media presentation system 102. Morespecifically, the distribution manager 214 can distribute a mediapresentation generated by the media presentation generated 210 to usersthat are authorized to receive the media presentation. Once thedistribution manager 214 determines to whom to distribute a mediapresentation, the distribution manager 214 may send the mediapresentation.

In some example embodiments, the distribution manager 214 communicateswith the authorization manager 212 to identify which users areauthorized to view particular media presentations. After communicatingwith the authorization manager 212 to identify co-users that areauthorized to view and/or contribute to a media presentation, thedistribution manager 214 may distribute the media presentation to theidentified one or more users. For example, the distribution manager 214may distribute the media presentation to a list of selected co-userswith whom a user has selected to share the media presentation.

As described above, each media presentation may be associated with amedia presentation file. The distribution manager 214 may send the mediapresentation file to the client device 104. In some embodiments, thedistribution manager 214 may send the media presentation file inconnection with one or more media segments that belong to a mediapresentation. For example, the distribution manager 214 may send aminimum of media segment (e.g., the first media segment, the first threemedia segments, all media segment, etc.) or a maximum number of mediasegments (e.g., no more than three media segments, no more than 20megabytes worth of media segment) to the client device 104 when sendingthe media presentation file. If the distribution manager 214 is sendingan updated file to the client device 104, the distribution manager 214may include any updated media segments.

Alternatively, the distribution manager 214 may send the mediapresentation file without any accompanying media segments. In this case,the client device 104 may request one or more media segments when auser, via the client device 104, requests access to a media presentation(e.g., the user provides an interaction that indicates the user wants towatch a media presentation). In this manner, the distribution manager214 may send a media presentation file or updates to a mediapresentation file without sending larger media segment files to theclient device 104. Then when the client device 104 requests one or moremedia segments for a media presentation, the media presentation may sendor stream the media segments to the client device 104.

To illustrate, the distribution manager 214 sends a media presentationfile to client device 104 for a media presentation having a number ofmedia segments. When a user on the client device views the mediapresentation and/or activates the media presentation (described below),the client device 104 may accesses the media presentation file andidentify the media segments to request from the media presentationsystem 102. For instance, based on the media presentation file, theclient device 104 may request that the distribution manager 214 send orstream the first media segment. As such, the distribution manager 214accesses the media segments, for example, from the media presentationdatabase 216, and provides the first media segment to the client device104. While the user continues to watch the first media segment, theclient device may, based on the media presentation file, identify asecond media segment as being the next segment in the mediapresentation, and request the media presentation system 102 send thesecond media segment. Again, upon receiving the request, thedistribution manager 214 may provide the second media segment to theclient device 104. As such, the client device 104 may receive each mediasegment upon request, which may help a user preserve data transferlimits associated with the client device 104.

As mentioned above, in some example embodiments, the media presentationsystem 102 may create a single file for a media presentation rather thanlogically linking together numerous media segments. In theseembodiments, when a client device 104 requests the media presentation,the distribution manager 214 may access the media presentation in themedia presentation database 216 and provide the media presentation, or aportion thereof to the client device 104. Further, rather than sendingthe entire media presentation, the distribution manager 214 may streamrelevant portions of the media presentation to the client device 104upon the client device sending a request for the media presentation.

Additionally, or alternatively, upon the media presentation system 102receiving a media segment from a client device that is to be added orappended an existing media presentation, the media presentation system102 may distribute the received media segment to other client devicesthat currently include the media presentation. Specifically, in one ormore embodiments, after the media presentation system 102 identifies themedia presentation to which the received media segment corresponds, thedistribution manager 214 may identify the client devices (or usersassociated with the client devices) that have the existing mediapresentation and send the media segment to the identified clientdevices. In addition, as described above, the media presentation systemmay generate instructions to append a received media segment to anexisting media presentation. In this case, the distribution manager 214may send the instructions along with the newly received media segment tothe identified client devices.

In addition to distributing media presentations created by users, thedistribution manager 214 can distribute system-based mediapresentations. To illustrate, the distribution manager 214 may detectwhen a user first accesses the media presentation system 102 (e.g., thedistribution manager 214 may recognize the user as a “new user”). Inresponse, the distribution manager 214 may provide a tutorial to the newuser on how to use the media presentation system 102. Specifically, thedistribution manager 214 can provide a tutorial, in the form of a mediapresentation, to the new user that provides directions on how to createand share media presentations with other users of the media presentationsystem 102. The distribution manager 214 can also distribute othersystem-based media presentations, such as media presentations thatinclude announcements and updates about the media presentation system102.

Further, the distribution manager 214 can distribute media segmentsand/or media presentations through a variety of distribution channels.For example, in addition to distributing media presentations to users ofthe media presentation system 102, in some example embodiments, thedistribution manager 214 can distribute media presentations to anothersystem, such as a social networking system. For instance, thedistribution manager 214 may distribute a media presentation that a usercreates through a social networking system to one or more of the user'ssocial networking connections (e.g., directly or through a plug-in thatintegrates the media presentation system 102 in the social networkingsystem). In some cases, the distribution manager 214 may post a mediapresentation on the newsfeeds of one or more social networking usersconnected to the users via the social networking system. In some exampleembodiments, the media presentation system 102 may allow other users toreply (e.g., add a media segment) the media presentation via the socialnetworking system. Additionally, in some embodiments, the mediapresentation system 102 may integrate with the social networking systemand allow users of the social networking system to create, edit, and/oradd to a media presentation from within the social networking system(e.g., directly or through a plug-in).

As shown in FIG. 2 the media presentation system 102 includes a mediapresentation database 216. The media presentation database 216 may storemedia segments and/or media presentations. The media presentationdatabase 216 can also store metadata associated with mediapresentations, such as the number of users that have accessed or viewedeach media presentation, the creator or contributors of each mediapresentation, date information associated with each media presentation,authorization information, user preference information, and any otherinformation associated with media presentations.

In addition to the media presentation database 216, and as shown in FIG.2, the media presentation system 102 can include the user profiledatabase 218. The media profile database 218 may store user informationcorresponding to each user in the media presentation system 102. Theuser profile database 218 may include a user profile for each user ofthe media presentation system 102. A user profile may include, but isnot limited to, biographic information, demographic information,behavioral information, social information, or other types ofdescriptive information, such as work experience, educational history,hobbies or preferences, interests, affinities, and/or locationinformation.

In addition to storing user information, the user profile database 218may store user relationship information between users with the mediapresentation system 102. The user relationship information may indicateusers who have similar or common work experience, group memberships,hobbies, educational history, and/or are in any way related or sharecommon attributes. The user relationship information may also includeuser-defined relationships between different users and content (e.g.,user defined friends, groups, etc.).

Further, the user profile database 218 may store authorizationinformation and preference setting information associated with eachuser. For example, the media presentation system call allow a user toset default authorization preferences (e.g., via a user preferencesetting interface). Example user preference settings can relate touser-defined default authorizations to apply to media presentations thata user creates. In one or more embodiments, for example, a user candefine default authorizations to apply to media presentations based on aco-user relationship with the user, based on characteristic of aco-user, such as age, or based on other characteristic or combination ofcharacteristics of a co-user and/or the media presentation.

In addition to the various bases of authorization settings, examplepreference settings can relate to various types of authorizations. Inparticular, example types of authorizations include, but are not limitedto, viewing authorizations, appending authorizations, editingauthorizations, commenting authorizations, sharing or forwardingauthorizations, and/or other types of authorizations that may limit thetypes of actions co-users can take with respect to media presentationsthat the user creates.

For example, a user can define default user preferences to include anauthorization setting to allow anyone with whom the user shares a mediapresentation to add a media segment to the shared media presentation. Insuch a case, the media presentation system 102 (e.g., the authorizationmanager 212) can access the user's preferences and apply theauthorization setting to a media presentation each time the user sharesa media presentation. In one and more embodiments, the user can overridethe user-defined default preferences in the event the user wishes toshare a media presentation with authorizations that are different thanthose defined in the user preferences.

In addition to the above, in one or more embodiments, a user can setuser preferences on a user-per-user basis. For example, a user canindividually select one or more users that are authorized to appendmedia segments to media presentations created by the user. In addition,the user can select one or more users that can view, edit, remove,and/or forward media presentations the user creates. For instance, asupervisor user (e.g., parent user) can setup or otherwise manage ajunior user's preference settings (e.g., a child user) such that thesupervisor user always can view media presentations created by the childuser, as well as having authorization to edit, remove, or otherwisemanage media presentations or media segments the junior user creates. Inone or more embodiments, the supervisor user can lock the junior user'spreference settings with respect to the supervisor user (e.g., with apassword).

Returning to FIG. 2, the media presentation system 102 may communicatewith any number of client device(s) 104. For purposes of explanation,only one client device 104 will be described, but it is understood thatthe principles described can be applied to a plurality of client devicesassociated with any number of users. As illustrated in FIG. 2, theclient device 104 can include, but is not limited to, a user inputdetector 220, a user interface manager 222, a media segment creator 224,a media presentation manager 226, and a storage manager 228.

Each component of the client device 104 may be implemented using acomputing device including at least one processor executing instructionsthat cause the client device 104 to perform the processes describedherein. In one or more embodiments, the various components areimplemented using one or more applications installed and running on theclient device 104. In some embodiments, the components of the clientdevice 104 can be implemented by a client device alone, or acrossmultiple computing devices. Although a particular number of componentsare shown in FIG. 2, the client device 104 can include more componentsor can combine the components into fewer components (such as a singlecomponent), as may be desirable for a particular implementation.

The user input detector 220 can detect user interactions with a userinterface to determine user input (e.g., detecting a touch gesture on atouch screen corresponding to an interactive element of the userinterface). More specifically, the user input detector 220 can detect,identify, and/or receive user interactions and translate userinteractions into a user input (e.g., a user command or request). Asreferred to herein, a “user interaction” means a single interaction, orcombination of interactions, received from a user by way of one or moreinput devices. In some embodiments, the user input detector 220 cantranslate a combination of user interactions as a single user inputand/or translate a single user interaction into multiple user inputs.

For example, the user input detector 220 can detect a user interactionfrom a keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or any other input device. In theevent a touch screen is used as an input device, the user input detector220 can detect one or more touch gestures (e.g., swipe gestures, tapgestures, pinch gestures, or reverse pinch gestures) that a userprovides to the touch screen. In one or more embodiments, a user canprovide one or more touch gestures in relation to and/or directed at oneor more graphical objects, items, or elements of a user interfacepresented on a touch screen. The user input detector 220 mayadditionally, or alternatively, receive data representative of a userinteraction. For example, the user input detector 220 can receive one ormore user configurable parameters from a user, one or more user commandsfrom a user, and/or any other suitable user input.

As mentioned above, client device 104 can include a user interfacemanager 222. In one or more embodiments, the user interface manager 222can utilize user input and/or other data received from a user (or sourcesimulating user input) to manage, control, and/or facilitate the use ofa user interface. In general, the user interface manager 222 canfacilitate the presentation (e.g., by way of a display screen associatedwith a client device 104) of a graphical user interface (or simply “userinterface”) for purposes of allowing a user to access the features andbenefits of the media presentation system 102. In particular, and inresponse to the user input (e.g., detected by the user interfacedetector 220), the user interface manager 222 can allow a user tocontrol a user interface to view, navigate, browse, search, edit,contribute to, share, and/or otherwise experience media presentations.Further, the user interface manager 222 can display graphical elementsthat a user interacts with in navigating media presentations in a mediapresentation feed as well as capturing a media segment to include in amedia presentation.

To illustrate, the user interface manager 222 can provide a userinterface that facilitates the display of one or more mediapresentations and/or graphical elements on the client device 104 (e.g.,on a display screen). In one or more embodiments, the user interfacemanager 222 can present a user interface as a user navigates within amedia presentation feed. Further, the user interface manager 222 canchange the display of the user interface as a user scrolls through amedia presentation feed, by providing one or more swipe gestures to atouch screen as described above.

In one or more embodiments, the user interface manager 222 can display athumbnail or preview of a media presentation to represent to the mediapresentation. For example, the user interface manager 222 can display animage (e.g., a representative frame) from a media presentation, such asthe first image of media segment to represent the media presentation.Alternatively, the user interface manager 222 may display the image ofthe last played frame or first unplayed frame to represent the mediapresentation.

In some example embodiments, a user can interact with a mediapresentation feed by providing, via a touch screen displaying a userinterface, one or more vertical swipe gestures directed toward the mediapresentation feed, as will be further discussed below with respect toFIGS. 3A-5F. In alternative embodiments, the user interface manager 222can allow a user to navigate a media presentation feed using othernavigation techniques, such as flipping through media presentations(e.g., turning a graphical representation of a page with each pagecorresponding to a different media presentation).

In addition to allowing a user to manually navigate or browse a mediapresentation feed, the user interface manager 222 can present a mediapresentation to the user. In particular, the user interface manager 222can play a media presentation, including one or more media segments, onthe display of the client device 104. As described below, the mediapresentation manager 226 may provide media segments and/or mediapresentations for the user interface manager 222 to display.

In one or more embodiments of the user interface manager 222 can causethe client device 104 to present a search interface that allows a usersearch for specific media presentations based on a variety of user inputthat may relate to characteristics of media presentations. In one ormore embodiments, for example, a user can search for media presentationsbased on media presentation creator (e.g., a user name or identifier),media presentation content (e.g., users tagged in the presentation,topic of presentation), title of a media presentation, date associatedwith a media presentation, and/or any other identifiable characteristicof a media presentation. For example, the user interface manager 222 canprovide a query input field, a display of suggested search terms, and/orprovide a modified feed of media presentations based on resultant mediapresentations identified in response to the user's search query.

In addition to allowing a user to browse, search or otherwise navigate aplurality of media presentations within a media presentation feed, insome example embodiments, the user interface manager 222 may present anotification to a user when a media presentation is posted or updated.The interface manager 222 may present the notification as an alert,message, banner, icon, sound, etc. Further, the interface manager 222may only display a limited number of notifications as well as displaynotifications for only certain media presentations, such as for mediapresentations that the user is participating in, or from co-users whomthe user is following, etc.

In some example embodiments, the interface manager 222 may display alive image or video currently being captured by the client device 104.For example, when a user is capturing a media segment, the interfacemanager 222 may display the media segment as the media segment is beingcaptured. The interface manager 222 may also display user interfaceelements on the display in connecting with the user capturing a mediasegment, as described below in FIGS. 4A-4D.

As illustrated in FIG. 2 and as mentioned above, the client device 104includes a media segment creator 224. In general, the media segmentcreator 224 assists a user in capturing or otherwise obtaining a mediasegment to add to a media presentation. For example, the media segmentcreator 224 can use the client device 104 to capture a media segment.Alternatively, the media segment creator 224 may assist a user inselecting a previously stored media segment.

To illustrate, in some example embodiments, the media segment creator224 can use a camera and/or microphone on the client device 104 tocapture an image, video, and/or audio (See FIGS. 4A-4D). For instance, auser may capture a digital photo using the client device 104 or mayrecord a video with audio using the client device 104. As discussedbelow in additional detail, the user can view or replay the capturedmedia segment and choose to accept and share the media segment within amedia presentation, or can delete or recapture the media segment.

Rather than capturing a new media segment, the user can use the mediasegment creator 224 to obtain an existing image, video, and/or audiosegment to add to a media presentation. For example, the media segmentcreator 224 may allow a user to select a media segment stored on theuser's client device. Additionally or alternatively, the media segmentcreator 224 may allow the user to select a media segment stored on anetwork device or online (e.g., a media segment accessible on cloudstorage).

In some example embodiments, the media segment creator 224 can providethe ability for a user to edit and/or modify a captured video. Forinstance, the media segment creator 224 may allow a user to edit acaptured image or video. Examples of editing include applying themes,coloring, modifying the runtime of a media segment, adding text orgraphics, etc. To illustrate, the media segment creator 224 mayfacilitate one or more options for a user to add text to a mediasegment. As another illustration, the media segment creator 224 mayallow a user to define the duration of a captured video, or extract aportion of a video to capture a media segment.

The media segment creator 224 may also provide a user the ability tocapture a media segment from a media presentation shared with the user.For example, the media segment creator 224 may allow a user to mark amedia segment as the user views a media presentation. In some examplecases, the media segment creator 224 may allow the user to add themarked media segment to another media presentation, such as a mediapresentation created by the user or a media presentation shared with theuser to which the user can add a marked media segment.

Upon capturing a media segment, the media segment creator 224 may storethe media segment on the client device 104 and/or on a network device oronline (e.g., a media segment accessible on cloud storage). For example,the media segment creator 224 may store the media segment in the mediapresentation database 216, described below. Further, the media segmentcreator 224 may provide a copy of the media segment to the mediapresentation system 102, as described above.

As mentioned above, the media presentation system 102 includes a mediapresentation manager 226. In general, the media presentation manager 226organizes media presentations within the media presentation feed as wellas organizes media segments within each media presentation. Further, thepresentation manager 226 facilities the presentation of one or moremedia presentations to a user in response to user input. In addition,the presentation manager 226 assists a user in managing mediapresentations. For example, the media presentation manager 226 can addmedia segments to a media presentation. Further, the media presentationmanager 226 can enable the user to set conditions, permissions, and/orrestrictions on media presentations. Additional detail regarding themedia presentation manager 226 will now be provided.

The presentation manager 226 may organize media presentations within amedia presentation feed based on information received from the mediapresentation system 102. For example, the presentation manager 226 mayarrange media presentations in the media presentation feed according torecency of each media presentation. To illustrate, when a new mediapresentation is shared with a user, or when a previously shared mediapresentation is updated, the presentation manager 226 may arrange thenew or updated media presentation before older media presentations.Alternatively, the presentation manager 226 may arrange the mediapresentation feed based on other criteria, such as media presentationtitle, creator, age of the media presentation, presentation length,contributors, number of contributors, indication as a favorite,popularity (e.g., number of viewers), etc. In some example embodiments,the presentation manager 226 can enable a user to define, through userpreferences, how the presentation manager 226 organizes and arranges themedia presentation feed.

In addition to organizing media presentations within a mediapresentation feed, the presentation manager 226 can also organize mediasegments within a media presentation. For example, the presentationmanager 226 may move a media segment in a media presentation to the endof the media presentation based on the number of times a user views themedia segment. For example, if a user views a media segment a thresholdnumber of times, the presentation manager 226 may modify a media segmentpresentation order so that the media segment plays after other mediasegments in the media presentation that the user has viewed less. Inthis manner, the presentation manager 226 may allow the user to viewless-viewed or unviewed newly added media segment without having theuser always view media segments that the user has previously viewed anumber of times.

As another example, the presentation manager 226 may filter out a mediasegment from a media presentation that the user has viewed x number oftimes by the user. For instance, the presentation manager 226 may skippresentation of the frequently viewed media segment, or movepresentation of the media segment to the end of the media presentationwhen the user has viewed the media segment a threshold number of times.

Further, the presentation manager 226 may update a media presentationupon receiving modifications and/or changes from either a user or themedia presentation system 102. For example, if a user deletes, edits, oradds a media segment to a media presentation, the presentation manager226 may reflect the deletion, edit, or addition to the mediapresentation in the media presentation feed. In addition, the mediapresentation manager 226 can send information or data regarding themodification of the media presentation feed to the media presentationsystem 102, and the media presentation system 102 can distribute themodification to other users. Similarly, when the media presentationsystem 102 sends an updated media segment to the client device 104, thepresentation manager 226 may incorporate the updated media segments intocorresponding media segments. Further, when the media presentationsystem 102 sends information to update or delete a media segment in amedia presentation, the presentation manager 226 apply the modificationto the media presentation.

While the presentation manager 226 generally provides a single mediapresentation feed, in an alternate embodiment, the presentation manager226 may provide numerous media presentation feeds on the client device104. For example, the presentation manager 226 may present a mediapresentation feed of media presentations shared among friends andanother media presentation feed of media presentations shared amongfamily members. To further illustrate, the presentation manager 226 mayprovide numerous media presentation feeds that are arranged by category,theme, topic, creator, contributors, date created, etc.

As mentioned above, the presentation manager 226 facilities thepresentation of one or more media presentations to a user in response touser input. To illustrate, a user may desire to view a mediapresentation on the client device 104. For example, a user may navigateto a first media presentation within a media presentation feed. Uponnavigating to the first media presentation, the media presentationmanager 226 may begin to play the first media presentations on theclient device 104. For instance, the media presentation manager 226 maystart to play the first media segment and continuously play through eachmedia segment in the first media presentation. In some instances, thepresentation manager 226 may continuously replay or loop a mediapresentation until a user provides input to stop playing the mediapresentation. Alternatively, the presentation manager 226 may stopplaying a media presentation after playing through the mediapresentation once, or after a number of predetermined times (e.g., threetimes).

As the user scrolls or navigates through media presentations in a mediapresentation feed, the presentation manager 226 may determine when toinitiate or pause the playing of a media presentation. The presentationmanager 226 may play the media presentation with audio (if available) orwithout audio until the user requests to hear the audio.

In general, the presentation manager 226 only plays one mediapresentation at a time. For example, the presentation manager 226 mayfully display one media presentation to the user at a time and thusplays the fully displayed media presentation. In some exampleembodiments, however, the presentation manager 226 may be able to fullydisplay more than one media presentation to a user. In theseembodiments, the presentation manager 226 may determine which mediapresentation to play (e.g., the media presentation that was fullydisplayed last) or allow the user to indicate which media presentationto play. For example, a graphical user interface can include anactivation area within which a media presentation can be activated(e.g., played) when a user positions a representative frame of the mediapresentation in the activation area, as will be described in below.

If a user navigates to a second media presentation while thepresentation manager 226 is presenting (e.g., playing) the first mediapresentation, the presentation manager 226 may pause the first mediapresentation upon the user navigating to the second media presentation.Upon the user navigating to the second media presentation, thepresentation manager 226 may begin to play the second mediapresentation. In this manner, as a user navigates through a mediapresentation feed, the presentation manager 226 may play various mediapresentations as each media presentation is presented to the user.

If the user subsequently navigates back to the paused first mediapresentation, the presentation manager 226 may pause the second mediapresentation and begin playing the first media presentation from wherepresentation manager 226 previously paused the first media presentation.Thus, when a user navigates away and back to a media presentation, thepresentation manager 226 may present the media presentation in a mannerthat allows the user to experience the media presentation as onecontinuous experience. Further, the presentation manager 226 allows theuser to progress through the entire media presentation without requiringthe user to restart the media presentation.

The presentation manager 226 may determine when to play or pause a mediapresentation in a media presentation feed based on the location of themedia presentation within the user interface display of the clientdevice 104. For example, the presentation manager 226 may determine whena media presentation enters into an activation area of the userinterface and/or a deactivation area of the user interface. In someinstances, the activation area is large enough to fully display a mediapresentation (i.e., not cut off the top edge or bottom edge of the mediapresentation). In these instances, the media presentation may activate(e.g., start playing) when a predefined portion (e.g., 70%, 80%, 90% or100%) of the media presentation enters into the activation area.

In other instances, the activation area may be a point, line, orlocation of the user interface. Here, the media presentation may triggerthe activation area when an edge (or other portion) of the mediapresentation passes over, overlaps, coincides, or otherwise matches therange of the activation area. For example, the user interface may have atop activation boundary (e.g., a line) and a bottom activation boundary,and a media presentation activates when the top of the mediapresentation passes over and below the top activation boundary or thebottom of the media presentation passes over and above the bottomactivation boundary. Further, the media presentation may deactivate whenthe top of the media presentation passes over and above the topactivation boundary or the bottom of the media presentation passes overand below the bottom activation boundary. FIGS. 5A-5F below providefurther illustration of media presentations activating and deactivatingbased on a media presentation's location relative to an activation area.In some example embodiments, the activation area may be an enclosed areawithin the user interface, such as a corner area, or another designatedarea within the user interface.

Further, the presentation manager 226 may facilitate playing, pausing,skipping, and/or repeating, media segments, or portions of mediasegments, within a particular media presentation in response to userinput. Specifically, in response to the media presentation system 102detecting touch gestures, the media presentation manager 226 can providenavigational features based on the detected touch gesture. For example,if a user provides a right-to-left swipe gesture, the media presentationmanager 226 can repeat the previously played media segment. As anotherexample, if a user provides a tap gesture, the media presentationmanager 226 can skip the remaining portion of the media segmentcurrently playing and begin playing the next media segment in the mediapresentation. Thus, if a media presentation includes a number of mediasegments, the media presentation manager 226 can allow a user to quicklynavigate among the media segments.

In additional example embodiments, in response to a user providing adouble tap gesture, the media presentation manager 226 can pause themedia presentation. In yet another example, if a user provides aleft-to-right swipe gesture, the media presentation manager 226 canprovide an information page regarding the current media segment or mediapresentation (e.g., information associated with the user thatcontributed a particular media segment, details of the media segmentsuch as date created, length, etc.). The above example gestures areprovided as examples only, and one or more embodiments can include thesame or additional gestures associated with the same or otherfunctionality, as described herein.

When the presentation manager 226 pauses a media presentation due touser navigational input, the presentation manager 226 may display animage of the last played frame or next unplayed frame of the mediapresentation to represent the media presentation. In this manner, theuser can visually see the current position of a media presentation thatis not actively playing. Further, when a user navigates back to thepaused media presentation, displaying an image of the last played frameor next unplayed frame of the media presentation can help the usertransition back into the presentation of the media presentation as thepresentation manager 226 resumes play of the media presentation.

As mentioned above, the media presentation system 102 may provide searchfunctionality that allows a user to search or discover mediapresentations not currently shared with the user. For example, thepresentation manager 226 may enable a user to discover popular,trending, or featured media presentations that users of the mediapresentation system 102 have made public. For instance, the presentationmanager 226 may enable a “discover tab” that a user may select to viewone or more popular, trending, or featured media presentations. Inaddition, the presentation manager 226 may allow a user to discoverother media presentations by creator demographics (age, residency,nationality, etc.) title, topic, channel, category, recency, popularity(e.g., number of viewers), trends (e.g., within the last hour, 12 hours,24-hours, or another specified amount of time), location, interests,etc. In some instances, the media presentation system 102 mayautomatically generate discoverable media presentations. The user and/orthe media presentation system 102 may specify an ephemeral or lastingdiscovery time period for media segments and/or media presentations,such as within the last hour, 12 hours, 24-hours, or another specifiedamount of time. In other instances, an administrator or editor (e.g., ahuman curator) associated with the media presentation system 102 orassociated with a third-party (e.g., a social networking system ormessaging application) may select one or more discoverable mediasegments and/or presentations.

In addition to allowing users to search and discover other publiclyavailable media presentations, in some example embodiments, thepresentation manager 226 may enable a user to discover mediapresentations of other users of the media presentation system 102 thatare in a specified proximity of the user. For example, if the user is atan event, the presentation manager 226 may allow the user to discovermedia presentations from other users at the event. Further, thepresentation manager 226 may enable a user to discover other users whoare at, or have created a media presentation at a particular location,such as a park, school, point of interest, etc.

In one or more embodiments, the presentation manager 226 may provide auser with additional information about co-users of the mediapresentation system 102. For example, the presentation manager 226 maygenerate a list of co-users who have contributed to a mediapresentation. Further, the presentation manager 226 may facilitate theuser to see a list of other co-users when the user searches the mediapresentation system 102. Upon selecting a co-user, the presentationmanager 226 may present, to the user, a user profile of the selectedco-user, along with other information about the selected co-user.

The presentation manager 226 may also allow a user to tag as a favoriteor mark media presentations or media segments within a mediapresentation. For instance, the presentation manager 226 may compile amedia presentation that includes media segments that the user has taggedas favorite media segments. The presentation manager 226 may enable theuser to share the favorites media presentation with other users.Alternatively, the presentation manager 226 may not provide the optionto a user to share the favorites media presentation with other users.

The presentation manager 226 can also allow a user to “like” individualmedia segments within a media presentation as well as “like” the mediasegment as a whole. By indicating a preference for one or more mediasegments within a media presentation, the creator of the mediapresentation can promote (e.g., move up) a well-liked media segment witha media presentation or remove a media segment altogether that receiveslittle or no likes after a set number of views.

In addition to adding a “like” to a media segment or a mediapresentation, the presentation manager 226 may allow a user to preserve,or lock, a media presentation as it had been presented to the user. Forexample, if a user forwards a media presentation to a co-user to viewthe media presentation, by the time the co-user views the mediapresentation, the media presentation may have changed due to additionalmedia segments being added to the media presentation. As such, in someexample embodiments, the user may select particular media segments, orlock a media presentation as presented to the user, and share theselected or locked media presentation to co-users, or add the lockedmedia presentation to their profile. In this manner, the user mayprovide the same media presentation to co-users without worry that themedia presentation will change before the co-users have an opportunityto view the media presentation.

Along similar lines, the user may desire to view media segments within amedia presentation from a set duration of time. As such, thepresentation manager 226 may enable the user to filter which mediasegments the presentation manager 226 presents to the user. For example,the user may specify to view media segment from a media presentationthat were added to the media presentation around a specific time period,such as media segments added in the last 24-hours, media segments addedon January 24, or media segments added between 8:00 am on March 25 and5:00 pm March 27.

As mentioned above, the presentation manager 226 can assist a user inmanaging media presentations. To illustrate, when a user captures amedia segment to add to a media presentation shared with the user, themedia presentation manager 226 may append the captured mediapresentation on the client device 104. As such, the media presentationmanager 226 updates the media presentation shared with the user toinclude the captured media segment. In addition, the media presentationmanager 226 may send a copy of the captured media segment to the mediapresentation system 102, as described above. Alternatively, the mediapresentation manager 226 may send an updated copy of the mediapresentation to the media presentation system 102 that includes thecaptured media segment in the media presentation.

Just as the media presentation manager 226 can send a media segment tothe media presentation system 102, the media presentation manager 226can receive media segments from the media presentation system 102. Forexample, the client device 104 may receive a media segment from themedia presentation system 102 along with instructions to append orinclude the media segment to a media presentation currently shared onthe client device 104. As such, the media presentation manager 226 mayappend the received media segment to the corresponding mediapresentation currently on the client device 104. In this manner, themedia presentation manager 226 on each client device may each appendmedia segments to media corresponding presentations regardless of if themedia segment was captured locally by the client device 104 or capturedfrom a co-user via another client device and provided to the clientdevice 104 by the media presentation system 102.

In addition to appending media segment to media presentations, in someexample embodiments, the media presentation manager 226 may enable auser who creates or manages a media presentation to control thearrangement of media segments within the media presentation. Forinstance, the media presentation manager 226 may allow the user toindicate a specific presentation order for media segments in the mediapresentation.

In addition to a user indicating a presentation order, the mediapresentation manager 226 may allow a user to specify that a particularmedia segment be presented in a particular manner. For example, if theuser includes an advertisement media segment in a media presentation,the user may specify that the advertisement media segment always bepresented last in the media presentation, even when other co-users addmedia segments to the media presentation. In some instances, the mediapresentation manager 226 may allow the user to specify if the mediapresentation should play media segments in a particular order, such asthe media presentation playing media segments in the order in which themedia segments were added, in reverse order, randomized. Additionally oralternatively, the media presentation manager 226 may enable a user whocreated the media presentation to instruct the media presentationmanager 226 to always present specific media segments in the mediapresentation (e.g., the first media segment created by the user, a mediasegment that advertises a product, etc.), regardless of other rules andconditions imposed by the user.

Not only can a user that creates a media presentation providepreferences to the media presentation manager 226 for presenting a mediapresentation, a user who receives media presentations can specifyviewing and presentation preferences. To illustrate, a user thatreceives one or more media presentations may specify to the mediapresentation manager 226 to play media presentations in a particularorder (e.g., in the order in which the media segments were added, inreverse order, randomized). Further, the media presentation manager 226may allow a user to specify that only media segments added in the lastday, week, month, etc., be played when presenting the media presentationto the user. For instance, if a media presentation has fifty mediasegments, but only eight added in the last week, the media presentationmanager 226 may allow the user to specify to display the last week ofmedia segments when presenting the media presentation to the user.Similarly, the media presentation manager 226 may allow the user torequest that the media presentation manager 226 only present mediasegments that meet a threshold number of likes from co-users (e.g.,don't present any media segments that do not have over x likes after thefirst week and x+y likes after the second week).

In addition to enabling users to set presentation preferences, the mediapresentation manager 226 may provide a user with the ability to editmedia presentations created or managed by the user. For example, usingthe media presentation manager 226, a user can edit a media presentationby adding a title to a media presentation. In some cases, the mediapresentation manager 226 can enable the user to modify an existing titleof a media presentation. When adding or modifying a title of a mediapresentation, the media presentation manager 226 can allow the user tochange the font, add a font color, and/or add graphics to the title(e.g., emojis, ideograms, or smileys, etc.).

As another example of providing a user the ability to edit a mediapresentation, the media presentation manager 226 may enable the user toremove one or more media segments from a media presentation. Toillustrate, upon other co-users adding a media segment to a mediapresentation created by the user, the media presentation manager 226 canenable the user (i.e., the creator) to remove one of the media segmentsadded by the other users. For example, the user may remove the mediasegment in response to viewing the segment and determining that thesegment does not belong in the media presentation. Additionally oralternatively, the user may remove the segment in response to otherusers flagging the media segment for removal. For instance, one or moreco-users may tag a media segment in the media presentation asinappropriate. In response, the user may review and remove the mediasegment using the media presentation manager 226.

The media presentation manager 226 may also enable a user who created amedia presentation to specify which co-users can view the mediapresentation as well as which co-users can contribute (e.g., add a mediasegment) to the media presentation. More specifically, the mediapresentation manager 226 can enable the user to grant viewing access ofthe media presentation to one or more co-users. The user may grantaccess by selecting co-users such as individual co-users, a definedgroup of users (e.g., “friends,” “family,” “co-workers,” “classmates,”etc.), or the public at large to view the media presentation that theuser created.

In addition to granting viewing rights, the media presentation manager226 may assist the user is selecting and authorizing one or moreco-users to add media segments to a media presentation created by theuser. In some instances, the user can authorize the same co-users withwhom the user is sharing the media presentation to add a media segmentto the media presentation. Alternatively, the user may authorize asubset of co-users that can view the media presentation to add mediasegments to the media presentation. For example, the user may allow thepublic at large to view the media presentation, but only authorizeco-workers to add media segments to the media presentation.

In some example embodiments, the media presentation manager 226 mayprovide the user a list of co-users to share a media presentation withand, in some cases, authorize to add media segments based on the user'ssocial networking contacts. For example, the media presentation manager226 may interface with a social networking system to identify potentialsocial networking users with whom the user can share a mediapresentation. Further, the user may choose to share a media presentationwith all social networking users directly and/or tangentially connectedto the user, while allowing only “family” members to add to the mediapresentation. Further, in some instances, the media presentation manager226 can share the media presentation via the social networking system ifthe user has selected one or more social networking users with which toshare user-created media presentation.

In addition, the media presentation manager 226 can recommend otherusers with whom to share the media presentation based on a number offactors. For example, the media presentation manager 226 may recommendthe user share a media presentation with co-users who are within aspecified age range of the user. For example, if the user is a teenager,the authorization manager 212 may identify other teenagers and determinewho among the identified teenagers are authorized to view the mediapresentation. In another embodiment, the media presentation manager 226may identify the topic of the media presentation and recommend otherusers that share the same or similar topics. Further, the mediapresentation manager 226 may identify co-users who are proximate to theuser.

Just as the user can authorize co-users to add media segments to a mediapresentation created or managed by a user, the user can remove or revokeauthorization at any time. For example, a user can use the mediapresentation manager 226 to disable the ability of users to add mediasegment to a media presentation. For example, the user may turn off theability of users to add media segments to a media presentation. Inaddition, the media presentation manager 226 may automatically disablethe co-users' ability to add media segments to a media presentation. Forexample, the media presentation manager 226 may disable the co-users'ability to add a media segment to a media presentation when the timesince the last media segment was added exceeds a duration of time (e.g.,3 days, a week, two weeks, a month, etc.), or when the mediapresentation has not been viewed for a duration of time.

When co-users are able to contribute to a media presentation shared bythe user, in one or more embodiments, the media presentation manager 226may provide the user with the ability to specify conditions that a mediasegment must satisfy before the media segment can be added to the mediapresentation created by the user. For example, the media presentationmanager 226 may provide the user with a set of options that correspondsto various media presentation restrictions, and allow the user to chooseone of more conditions that must be satisfied if a media segment is tobe added to the media presentation created by the user. Examples ofconditions include a maximum number of times a co-user can add a mediasegment to a media presentation, the total number of media segmentsallowed in the media presentation, the minimum or maximum length of timea video segment in the media presentation can be, the maximum length ofthe media presentation, the time frame a user has to add a media segmentto the media presentation (e.g., a co-user cannot add a media segmentafter one week of the user posting the media presentation).

Further, the user may specify that media segment added to the mediapresentation satisfy a particular maturity rating level. For instance,based on the maturity rating level set by the user, the mediapresentation manager 226 may require that co-users post only mediasegments that are appropriate for all children 12 years of age andunder. In another instance, the user may specify that co-users must beover 21 to view the media presentation and/or add a media segment to themedia presentation. For instance, a co-user may need to authenticate(e.g., enter a password or otherwise verify themselves) before theco-user is shown the media presentation flagged with adult content.

Additionally, the media presentation manager 226 may allow a user whocreates a media presentation to permit or authorize one or more co-usersto edit and/or delete media presentations created by the user. Forexample, if the user is an entity (e.g., a business, company, orcorporation), the user may authorize one or more co-users to edit mediapresentations created by the entity, such as approving media segmentsthat co-users want to add to the media presentation created by theentity or deleting media segments tagged as inappropriate. While theuser who creates a media presentation may authorize another user tomanage and/or edit a media presentation created by the user, the usermay restrict the other user's ability to delete a media segment and/orthe media presentation. In other words, only the user that created themedia presentation may be able to delete a media segment within themedia presentation or the media presentation itself. Additionally, themedia presentation manager 226 can enable a user who has extendedpermission to one or more co-users to revoke permissions at any time, orto only grant authorization for a limited time (e.g., permission expiresafter one week, if not renewed).

In addition to allowing a user to grant co-user permission to managemedia presentations the user creates, in some example embodiments, themedia presentation manager 226 may provide analytics to a user regardingmedia segments in a media presentation. For example, the mediapresentation manager 226 may indicate to a user the number of co-usersthat have viewed a media presentation created by the user. As anotherexample, the media presentation manager 226 may provide the user thenumber of times a media segment has been liked, skipped, hidden, muted,removed, and/or replayed. For instance, when a media segment has beenhidden or removed a threshold number of times (e.g., over 20 times, orby 60% of co-users that have access to the media presentation, etc.),the media presentation manager 226 may suggest to the user to remove themedia segment from the media presentation. The media presentationmanager 226 may provide additional analytics to the user to assist theuser in improving a media presentation shared with other users.

In some example embodiments, the presentation manager 226 may allow auser to report a media segment as inappropriate. For example, a co-usermay report that a media segment includes inappropriate content, such ascontent suitable only for adults. When a user flags a media segment asmisappropriate, the presentation manager 226 may skip the media segmentfor the user that reported the media segment as inappropriate as well asfor other co-users who have access to the media segment.

Similarly, the presentation manager 226 may also hide media segmentswithin a media presentation that do not meet a maturity settingspecified by a user. For example, a user may indicate that he or shedoes not want to view any content that contains mature material above acertain rating. As such, the presentation manager 226 may automaticallyskip media segments that are flagged by the creator or the media segmentor by other viewers of the media segment as containing mature material.The presentation manager 226 may indicate to the user that a mediasegment has been skipped. Alternatively, the presentation manager 226may remove the inappropriate media segment from the media presentationpresented to the user having the maturity rating enabled.

Along the same lines, the presentation manager 226 may enable a viewinguser to hide a media segment from a media presentation that the userdoes not want to view when re-watching a media presentation. Similarly,the presentation manager 226 may enable a user to hide, or remove amedia presentation altogether from the user's media presentation feed.For example, the presentation manager 226 may present a mediapresentation that the user is not interested in viewing. In response,the user can select an option to archive, hide, and/or delete the mediapresentation from the user's media presentation feed. The presentationmanager 226 may then remove the media presentation from the user's mediapresentation feed and not provide updates when other co-users add mediasegments to the removed media presentation.

As mentioned above, the user may be an entity. In some cases, the entitymay be a marketer that provides advertisement campaigns via mediapresentations. For example, a company may encourage and provideincentives for users to create media presentations and/or capture mediasegments that show the user promoting a particular product. The mediapresentation manager 226 may assist the marketer in managing mediapresentations that include media segment captured by co-users (e.g.,customers or potential customers). In addition, when co-users include anadvertisement media segment from a marketer in their mediapresentations, the media presentation manager 226 may report theconversion rate of the advertisement media segment within the mediapresentations created by the co-users.

Further, the media presentation manager 226 can assist the marketer toselectively choose co-users with which to share a media presentationthat contains advertisements. For example, the media presentationmanager 226 may report to a marketer that a media presentation createdby a co-user includes a group of co-users promoting a product for themarketer. The media presentation manager 226 may then identify otherco-users who are connected to the co-users in the group of co-users.Based on the media presentation manager 226 identifying the otherco-users, the marketer may share the media presentation that promotes aproduct to the other co-users. Upon viewing the media presentation, theother co-users will recognize one or more people in the mediapresentation promoting the marketer's product. Accordingly, the mediapresentation manager 226 can help a marketer create a personalized mediapresentation and share the media presentation to targeted co-users ofthe media presentation system 102 and/or a social networking system.

FIG. 2 also illustrates a storage manager 228. The storage manager 228may include media presentations 230 and user preferences 232. Forexample, the storage manager 228 may store media presentations sharedwith the user associated with the client device 104 as well as mediapresentation system created by the user. The storage manager 228 maycommunicate with the media presentation system 102 to send mediasegments, media presentations, and/or user information between theclient device 104 and the media presentation system 102. For instance,the storage manager 228 may receive one or more media segments from themedia presentation database 216. Similarly, the storage manager 228 maysend user preferences to the user profile database 218 on the mediapresentation system 102.

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate an exemplary graphical user interface 302 showingan example media presentation feed 318 on a client device 300. Inparticular, FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate an example client device 300displaying various views of a graphical user interface 302 (or “GUI302”) by way of a touch screen 304. The GUI 302 can be a graphical userinterface for a mobile application. For example, the client device 300can execute an application that facilitates interactions with the mediapresentation system 102 described in connection with FIG. 1.

Further, the client device 300 illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3B may be anexample embodiment of the first client device 104 a described inconnection with FIG. 1. For example, the user 110 may use the clientdevice 300 to interact with the media presentation system 102. Further,while the client device 300 of FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate a mobile device,one will appreciate that a media presentation application may beexecuted on other types of computing devices, such as the computing andclient devices described below in connection with FIGS. 8-9.

The GUI 302 may include one or more graphical user interface areas thatdisplay content to a user. To illustrate, the GUI 302 may include afirst graphical user interface area 306 a (or “first area 306 a”) and asecond graphical user interface area 306 b (or “second area 306 b”). Thefirst area 306 a and the second area 306 b may move within the GUI 302and, in some cases, moved out of the GUI 302. For example, asillustrated below in connection with FIGS. 5A-5F, the GUI 302 maydisplay the first area 306 a while the second area 306 b may not bedisplayed in the GUI 302.

As illustrated in FIG. 3A, a user may utilize the client device 300 toview a media presentation feed 318 within the GUI 302. The first area306 a may display a media presentation feed 318 that includes one ormore media presentations. To illustrate, FIG. 3A shows a first mediapresentation 308 a and a second media presentation 308b. While FIG. 3illustrates only two media presentations, the media presentation feed318 may include any number of media presentations.

As user may scroll through media presentations, the boundaries of thefirst area 306 a and the second area 306 b may shift within the GUI 302.For example, the top boundary of the first area 306 a and the bottom ofthe second area 306 b may initially align with the top of the firstmedia presentation 308 a. As the user scrolls down to view additionalmedia presentations, the second area 306 b may disappear from the GUI302 and the first area 306 a may shift to the top of the GUI 302. Whenthe user navigates back within the GUI 302 and the second area 306 aagain becomes visible, the first area 306 a may shift down from the topof the GUI 302 to again align with to of the first media presentation308 a within the GUI 302. In some instances, the first area 306 a doesnot include any media presentations. In these instances, the first area306 a may remain blank until one or more media presentations are sharedwith the user or until the user creates a media presentation.Alternatively, when no media presentations are available for the user toview, the client device 300 may display the second area 306 b, discussedbelow, which provides an option for the user add a new mediapresentation.

As described above, the client device 300 may extract an image from amedia presentation and represent the media presentation using theextracted image. The client device 300 may use an image of the lastviewed frame or next unviewed frame of the currently displayed mediasegment to display in the first area 306 a. To illustrate, FIG. 3Adisplays a representative frame from the first media presentation 308 aof a man with glasses and facial hair to represent the first mediapresentation 308 a. Similarly, the client device 300 displays a portionof a representative frame of a man with his eyes closed and two childrenin the background to represent the second media presentation 308b.

As illustrated in FIG. 3A, the client device 300 may display informationassociated with a media presentation. For simplicity, displayinformation with respect to the first media presentation 308 a will bedescribed. It should be appreciated, however, that the same or similartypes of display information can correspond to the second mediapresentation 308 b or any other media presentation within the mediapresentation feed 318.

Returning to FIG. 3A, the client device 300 may display a title 310 aassociated with the first media presentation 308 a. As illustrated inFIG. 3A, the title 310 a overlays the first media presentation 308 a.While the title 310 a is displayed over the top right corner of thefirst media presentation 308 a, one will appreciate that the title maybe position over another portion of the first media presentation 308 a.Further, the title may be hidden from display, for example, when theclient device 300 is playing the first media presentation 308 a.

Additionally, and as illustrated in FIG. 3A, the client device 300 maydisplay a media segment count 312 associated with the first mediapresentation 308 a. The media segment count 312 may indicate the currentmedia segment being presented as well as the total number of mediasegments included in the first media presentation 308 a. As the clientdevice 300 plays the first media presentation 308 a, the current mediasegment number may increment. Similarly, as user and/or co-users addmedia segments to the first media presentation 308 a, the total numberof media segments within the media presentation may increment. Further,if a media segment is removed or deleted from the first mediapresentation 308 a, the total number of media segments may decrease.Likewise, if the client device 300 filters out one or more mediasegments from the first media presentation 308 a (e.g., based onauthorization), the client device 300 may display the total number ofremaining media segments as the total number of media segments in themedia segment count 312.

The client device 300 may also display a total number of views 314 inconnection with each media presentation. For example, FIG. 3Aillustrates that the first media presentation 308 has been viewed 121times. The total number of views 314 may correspond to the total numberof views for the media presentation. Alternatively, the total number ofviews 314 may correspond to the media segment currently being presentedby the client device 300.

The client device 300 may display additional information and metadataassociated with each media presentation. For instance, the client device300 may display the number of “likes” for each media segment or for themedia presentation. In another instance, the client device 300 maydisplay an indication of whether a media segment or media presentationis a “favorite” of the user. Additionally or alternatively, the clientdevice 300 may display the user who provided the current media segmentand/or the creator of the media presentation. Further, the client device300 may display a rating for the media segment being presented.

In addition, the client device 300 may also display one or moreselectable elements in connection with a media presentation. Asillustrated in FIG. 3A, the client device 300 displays a graphicalselectable element, such as an add segment element 316 (e.g., agraphical button having a plus symbol) in connection with the firstmedia presentation 308 a. As described above, the client device 300, maydetermine, or may receive an indication from the media presentationsystem, whether a user associated with the client device 300 isauthorized to add a media segment to the first media presentation 308 athat the client device 300 is currently presenting to the user. If theuser is authorized to add a media segment, the client device 300 maydisplay the add segment element 316 to the media presentation beingpresented. As described in connection with FIGS. 4A-4B, a user mayselect the add segment element 316 when the add segment element 316 isdisplayed to add a media segment to the media presentation the user isviewing.

While FIG. 3A displays an add segment element 316 illustrated as a plusicon, one will appreciate that the add segment element 316 may be anytype of graphic or icon. Additionally or alternatively, the clientdevice 300 may provide the user the option to add a media segment to amedia presentation, if authorized, using an option displayed at the endof the media presentation, or displayed elsewhere within the GUI 302.

A user may navigate between media presentations within the mediapresentation feed 318. For example, the user may use the touch screen304 to navigate within the first area 306 a to view additional mediapresentations within the media presentation feed 318. When the userpositions (e.g., by scrolling the media presentation feed 318) a mediapresentation in an activation area, the client device 300 can initiatethe playing of the media presentation. To illustrate, FIG. 3A shows theclient device 300 presenting the first media presentation 308 a to auser. In presenting the first media presentation 308 a, the clientdevice 300 may play the first media segment in the first mediapresentation 308 a (e.g., the media segment counter 312 shows “1/5”signifying the first media segment out of five media segments).Accordingly, FIG. 3B illustrates the first media presentation 308 aplaying another media segment in the first media presentation 308 a(e.g., the media segment counter 312 shows “3/5” signifying the thirdmedia segment out of five media segments). Accordingly, the clientdevice 300 may play the first media presentation 308 a when the firstmedia presentation 308 a is shown on the display of the client device300 and/or when the user navigates to the first media presentation 308.

As described above, FIG. 3A illustrates the second area 306 b (i.e., thesecond graphical user interface area 306 b). The second area 306 b mayinclude a selectable new presentation option 317 that allows a user toinitiate a new media presentation. For example, FIG. 3A displays the newpresentation option 317 (labeled “Start New Presentation”) in the secondarea 306 b. Upon selecting the selectable new presentation option 317 inthe second area 306 b, the client device 300 may assist the user increating a media presentation, as will be described below with referenceto FIGS. 4A-4D.

As mentioned, a user may select an option to create a new mediapresentation (e.g., selecting the new presentation option 317), whichconsists of the user creating a media segment to include within a mediapresentation. Similarly, when displayed within a media presentation, theuser can select the add segment element 316 to add a media segment tothe media presentation the user is viewing. Accordingly, FIGS. 4A-Dshows an exemplary graphical user interface 302 of the process ofcapturing a media segment to add to a media segment (new or existing)using the client device 300. In particular, FIG. 4A illustrates settingup a new media presentation while FIGS. 4B-4D illustrate the process ofcapturing a media segment to add to either a new media presentation oran existing media presentation. One will appreciate that the clientdevice 300 displayed in FIGS. 4A-4D may be embodiments of the clientdevice 300 illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3B.

As mentioned above and as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, a user may select theselectable new presentation option 317 to start a new media presentationto share with one or more co-users, as described above. Part of creatinga new media presentation may involve providing a title for the new mediapresentation. As illustrated in FIG. 4A, when creating a new mediapresentation, the client device 300 may provide a graphical titleelement 332 for the user to input a title for the new mediapresentation. The client device 300 may provide the title element 332 inthe first area 306 a. The user may input text to enter a title. Forexample, as shown in the second area 306 b, the client device 300 mayprovide a graphical keyboard 322 for the user to input a title. The usermay use the keyboard 322 in the second area 306 b to input a title forthe new media presentation.

In connection with the title element 332, the client device 300 may alsoprovide a clear title/cancel element 334 and an accept title/continueelement 336. The clear title/cancel element 334 may provide a user withthe ability to clear current input displayed in the title element 332and/or exit out of the media segment capturing interface. The accepttitle element 336 may allow the user to accept the title input into thetitle element 332. Upon the user accepting the title, the client device300 may display the title overlaid on the media presentation, asdescribed above.

After accepting a title, or upon selecting the option to add to anexisting media presentation (e.g., a previously titled mediapresentation), the client device 300 may facilitate capturing a mediasegment. To illustrate, the client device 300 may include a camera 318 aand/or a microphone 318 b to assist a user in capturing a media segment.The client device 300 may display images captured by the camera 318 awithin the first area 306 a as the client device 300 captures an imageor video segment. Further, the client device 300 may display, the titleof the media presentation to which the user is adding a media segment,to assist the user in capturing appropriate subject matter in thecaptured media segment.

As shown in FIG. 4B, the client device 300 may a present a begin capturescreen. The capture screen may display a countdown 338 before startingto capture a media segment. For instance, the client device 300 maycount from three (3) or from another number. The countdown time may beconfigurable by the user. By providing a countdown, the user may preparethemselves before the client device 300 starts capturing a mediasegment. In some example embodiments, the client device 300 may notprovide a countdown, but may immediately start capturing a media segmentupon the client device 300 changing to the capture screen (or upon theuser selecting a capture option on the capture screen).

Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, the client device 300 may display a cancelelement 340. The cancel element 340 may cancel the capture of the mediasegment. More specifically, upon the user selecting the cancel element340, the client device 300 may stop the countdown and cancel thecapturing process of the media segment.

FIG. 4C illustrates the client device during the capture of a mediasegment. As shown, the client device 300 may display, in the first area306 a, the media segment as it is being captured. Further, the firstarea 306 a may show one or more graphical selectable elements such as afinish capture element 342 and a cancel capture element 344. The finishcapture element 342 may, when selected, stop the capturing of a segment.The cancel capture element 344 may cancel and/or restart the capturingprocess. Accordingly, during the segment capture, the user may interact,via the touchscreen 304, with the client device 300 to select the cancelelement 344 of FIG. 4C to cancel and to restart capturing the mediasegment. Similarly, the user can select the finish capture element 342shown in FIG. 4B when the user is finished capturing the media segment.

The second area 306 a of FIG. 4C may be a blank, white, darken, orblacked-out image to assist the user in concentrating on capturing themedia segment displayed in the first area 306 a. Additionally oralternatively, the second area 306 b may display options that assist theuser in capturing a media segment. For example, the second area 306 bmay include options to select the capture of an image, video, or audiosegment (e.g., rather than displaying the images in the first area 306a). Further, the second area 306 b may provide additional options wherethe user can specify the duration the image segment and/or change theway the client device 300 captures a media segment (e.g., add a colorfilter pre-capture).

Upon a user selecting the finish capture element 342, the client device300 may provide the user with a media segment review screen, as shown inFIG. 4D. In particular, in FIG. 4D, the client device 300 may display,in the first area 306 a, selectable elements such as a replay element346 and an accept capture element 348 (i.e., “Done” button). The replayelement 346 allows a user to replay and review a media segment. In someexample embodiments, the client device 300 may automatically replay thecapture for the user once the user finishes the capture of the mediasegment. Alternatively, the user may select the replay element 346 ofFIG. 4D to replay the capture.

The accept capture element 348 allows the user to confirm the user'sapproval of the media segment capture. If the user is satisfied with thecaptured media segment, the user can select the accept capture element348 of FIG. 4D to add the captured media segment to the mediapresentation. Otherwise, the user can re-capture the media segmentand/or exit the capturing process without submitting the captured mediasegment to be added to the media presentation. In other words, theclient device 300 in FIG. 4D may display a re-capture element thatallows a user to recapture the media segment (e.g., the client device300 would take the user back to the begin capture screen shown in FIG.4B). Further, the client device 300 may display an exit button thattakes the user back to the media presentation feed.

As shown in the second area 306 b of FIG. 4D, the client device 300 mayinclude options to allow the user to select additional systems on whichto share the media segment, such as a social networking system, a mediasharing system, a messaging application, or other types of sharingapplications. The options may be presented as toggle elements, such astoggle elements 340 a-c. As shown, the user has selected to share themedia segment on System 1 by toggling the toggle element 340 a. Further,as shown, the user has not selected to share the media segment withSystems 2 or System 3. While toggle elements are shown, one willappreciate that the client device 300 may present other Systems for theuser to share the media segment using a variety of methods, such asdisplaying the names of the System 1 along with an indication of whetherthe system is selected or not. Additionally or alternatively, the secondarea 306 b of FIG. 4D may display options for the user to edit thecaptured media segment, such as trim the captured media segment and/oradd filters to the captured media segment, as described above.

FIGS. 5A-5F illustrate the process playing one or more mediapresentations within the GUI 302 of the client device 300. For example,and as described above, the client device 300 may initiate the playingof a media presentation when a media presentation satisfies, engages,coincides, or otherwise matches an activation trigger, such as anactivation area 350 or an activation boundary 330 a-b, shown in FIGS.5A-5F. Similarly, the client device 300 may pause the playing of a mediapresentation when a media presentation does not coincide or otherwisematch an activation trigger.

As shown in FIGS. 5A-5F, the client device 300 may include a firstactivation area boundary 330 a and a second activation area boundary330b. The activation area boundaries 330 a and 330 b may form anactivation area 350. As shown in FIG. 5A, for example, the client device300 can initiate the playing of a first media presentation 308 a whenthe first media presentation 308 a is fully within the activation area350. As long as the first media presentation 308 a is activated, theclient device 300 will continue to play the media presentation (or untila user provides input to stop or pause the media presentation). Toillustrate, FIG. 5B shows the client device 300 playing the first mediapresentation 308 a at the third media segment of the (e.g., mediasegment “3/6”) while the first media presentation 308 a remains withinthe activation boundaries.

Additionally or alternatively, the activation boundaries 330 a-b maydemarcate boundaries in which a portion of a media presentation needs topass over to active the media presentation. For example, when anactivated media presentation passes over one of the activationboundaries 330 a-b, the media presentation system 102 may pause themedia presentation. Likewise, when a media presentation fully passesover an activation boundary 330 a-b (e.g., the trailing edge of themedia presentation passes over an activation boundary 330 a-b and themedia presentation is within the activation area 350), the mediapresentation system 102 may initiate or resume play of the mediapresentation as well as pause any other media presentations that may beplaying.

As shown in FIG. 5C, the user may navigate to the second mediapresentation 308 b (e.g., the media presentation titled “Dealing withkids . . . ”). When the user navigates to the second media presentation308 b, the client device 300 may pause the first media presentation 308a when the first media presentation 308 a exits the activation area 350or no longer satisfies the requirements of being active (e.g., passesover or out of the activation boundaries). As describe above, the clientdevice 300 may display the paused frame to represent the first mediapresentation 308 a. For example, as shown in FIG, 5C, the client device300 pauses the first media presentation 308 a on the third media segmentof the first media presentation 308 a. As such, the client device 300displays the last played frame from the third media segment to representthe first media presentation 308 a.

As also shown in FIG. 5C, the client device 300 may begin playing thesecond media presentation 308 b at the first media segment (e.g., mediasegment “1/2”) upon the second media presentation 308 b activating. Insome embodiments, the client device 300 may wait a set duration of timebefore playing the second media presentation 308 b after the secondmedia presentation 308 b activates. For example, the client device 300may require that a media presentation be located within the activationarea 350 for at least 500 or 1000 milliseconds before initiating theplay of the media presentation. In this manner, the client device 300does not activate a media presentation that merely passes through theactivation boundaries as the user is navigating (e.g., scrollingrapidly) to another media presentation.

The client device 300 may continue to play the second media presentation308b while the second media presentation 308 b is active (e.g., remainsin the activation area 350 between the activation boundaries 330 a-b).As illustrated in 5D, the client device 300 may play the second mediapresentation 308 b at the second media segment (e.g., media segment“2/2”) while the second media presentation 308 b is activated.

If the user subsequently navigates back to the first media presentation308 a, the client device 300 may deactivate second media presentation308 b and activate the first media presentation 308 a because the secondmedia presentation 308 b exits the activation area 350 and the firstmedia presentation 308 a re-enters the activation area 350. Accordingly,the client device 300 may pause the second media presentation 308 b andresume play of the first media presentation 308 a. As shown in FIG. 5E,the client device 300 may resume playing the first media presentation308 a at the third media segment (e.g., media segment “3/6”). In otherwords, the client device 300 may resume playing the first mediapresentation 308 a from the point the user left off at when the userpreviously navigated away from the first media presentation 308 a.

FIG. 5F shows the client device 300 playing the first media presentation308 a at the sixth media segment (e.g., media segment “6/6”) while thefirst media presentation 308 a remains within the activation boundaries.In other words, after the user navigates back to the first mediapresentation 308 a, the client device 300 may play the first mediapresentation 308 a as if the user had not navigated away from the firstmedia presentation 308 a.

FIGS. 1-5, the corresponding text, and the examples, provide a number ofdifferent systems and devices for improving a user experience related tointeracting with content across multiple client devices and/or mediums.In addition to the foregoing, embodiments of the present invention alsocan be described in terms of flowcharts comprising acts and steps in amethod for accomplishing a particular result. For example, FIGS. 6-7illustrate flowcharts of exemplary methods in accordance with one ormore embodiments of the present invention. The methods described inrelation to FIGS. 6-7 can be performed with less or more steps/acts orthe steps/acts can be performed in differing orders. Additionally, thesteps/acts described herein can be repeated or performed in parallelwith one another or in parallel with different instances of the same orsimilar steps/acts.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 of providing a mediapresentation to a user in accordance with one or more embodimentsdescribed herein. In some example embodiments, the method 600 may beperformed by a client device, such as one of the client devicesdisclosed above in the previous figures.

The method 600 includes an act 602 of providing a media presentation toa user 110. In particular, the act 602 may involve providing, to a user110 via a client device 104, a first media presentation 308 a comprisinga first plurality of media segments provided by a plurality of co-users.For example, the act 602 may involve providing the first mediapresentation 308 a in a media presentation feed 318 displayed within afirst graphical user interface area 306 a of a graphical user interface302 displayed on a client device 300.

The method 600 includes an act 604 of determining that a user isaccessing the media presentation 308 a. In particular, the act 604 mayinvolve determining that the user 110 is accessing the first mediapresentation 308 a. For instance, the act 604 may involve receivingnavigational input from the user 110 to navigate to the first mediapresentation 308 a within an activation area 350 and activating thefirst media presentation 308 a. Further, the act 604 may involvepresenting and/or playing the first media presentation 308 a to the user110.

In addition, the method 600 includes an act 606 of determining whetherthe user 110 is authorized to add a media segment to the mediapresentation. In particular, the act 606 may involve determining whetherthe user 110 is authorized to add a media segment to first mediapresentation 308 a that the user is accessing. For example, the act 606may involve determining whether a creator of the first mediapresentation 308 a (e.g., a co-user) has authorized the user 110 to adda media segment to the first media presentation 308 a. In one or moreembodiments, wherein determining whether the user is authorized to add amedia segment to the first media presentation that the user is accessingmay include determining whether the affinity coefficient between theuser the creator of the first media presentation 308 a satisfies (e.g.,meets or exceeds) a threshold level.

Further, the method 600 includes an act 608 of providing an element thatallows the user 110 to add a media segment when on the user 110 isauthorized. In particular, the act 608 may involve, based on determiningthat the user is authorized to add a media segment to the first mediapresentation 308 a that the user is accessing, providing a selectableelement 316 that allows the user to add a media segment to the firstmedia presentation 308 a. For example, the act 608 may involvedisplaying the selectable element 316 over the first media presentation308 a within the GUI 302 of the client device 300.

The method 600 may further involve an act of adding a media segment tothe first media presentation 308 a. In particular, the method 600 mayinclude an act that, based on the user selecting the selectable element316 that allows the user to add a media segment to the first mediapresentation 308 a, involves capturing a media segment from the user andadding the captured media segment to the first media presentation 308 ato create an appended first media presentation. In addition, the method600 may also involve an act of receiving an indication that the one ormore users of the plurality of users have viewed the appended firstmedia presentation.

Additionally, the method 600 may involve an act of providing the firstmedia presentation 308 a to the user 110 without the selectable element316 based on the user 110 not being authorized to add a media segment tothe first media presentation 308 a that the user 110 is accessing. Themethod 600 may also involve the act of providing, to the user 110, aselectable option to create a new media presentation, receiving, fromthe user 110, a selection of the selectable option to create a new mediapresentation, capturing one or more media segments for the new mediapresentation, and presenting the new media presentation to the user inthe media presentation feed 318 that also includes the first mediapresentation 308 a. Further, the act may involve receiving a selectionof co-users of the plurality of co-users who are authorized to accessthe new media presentation.

In some example embodiments, the method 600 may involve an act ofproviding, to the user 110, a second media presentation 308 b includinga second plurality of media segments, the first media presentation 308 aand the second media presentation 308 b being part of a mediapresentation feed 318. In these embodiments, the acts may involvereceiving a first navigational interaction from the user 110 to navigateto the second media presentation, determining that the user 110 isaccessing the second media presentation 308 b from the mediapresentation feed 318, and upon determining that the user 110 isaccessing the second media presentation 308 b, pausing the first mediapresentation 308 a and playing the second media presentation 308b. Inaddition, the act may involve receiving a second navigationalinteraction from the user 110 to navigate to the first mediapresentation 308 a subsequent to the user 110 accessing the second mediapresentation 308 b, determining that the user 110 is accessing the firstmedia presentation 308 a from the media presentation feed 318, and upondetermining that the user 110 is accessing the first media presentation308 a subsequent to the user accessing the second media presentation 308b, pausing the second media presentation 308 b and resuming play of thefirst media presentation 308 a from the paused position.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 of providing an appendedmedia presentation to a user and co-users in accordance with one or moreembodiments described herein. In some example embodiments, the method700 may be performed by a media presentation system, such as the mediapresentation system 102 disclosed above with regard to FIGS. 1 and 2.

The method 700 includes an act 702 of receiving a media presentationthat includes a first media segment. In particular, the act 702 mayinvolve receiving, from a first client device 104 a associated with auser 110, a media presentation that includes a first media segmentcaptured at the first client device 104 a. The act 702 may also involveidentifying additional media segments within the media presentation.

The method 700 includes an act 704 of providing the media presentationto a second client device 104 b. In particular, the act 704 may involveproviding the media presentation to a second client device 104 bassociated with a co-user 112 of the plurality of co-users. The act 704may further involve providing the media presentation to additionalclient devices associated with other co-users of the plurality ofco-users specified by the user 110.

The method 700 includes an act 706 of receiving a second media segmentcaptured at the second client device 104 b. In particular, the act 706may involve receiving, from the second client device 104 b, a secondmedia segment captured at the second client device 104 b. For example,the act 706 may involve receiving a media segment that the co-user 112captured at the second client device 104 b using a camera and/ormicrophone on the second client device 104 b.

The method 700 includes an act 708 of appending the second media segmentto the media presentation. In particular, the act 708 may involveappending the second media segment to the media presentation to createan appended media presentation. For instance, the act 708 may involveassociating the second media segment with the first media segment. Insome example embodiments, the act 708 may involve logically appendingthe second media segment to links associated with media segments in themedia presentation to create the appended media presentation.

The method 700 includes an act 710 of providing the appended mediapresentation to the user 110 and the co-user 112. In particular, the act710 may involve providing the appended media presentation to the user110 and the co-user 112. For example, the act 710 may involve sendingthe second media segment to one or more client devices with instructionsto associate the second media segment with the media presentation.

In one or more embodiments, the method 700 can include an act ofreceiving a request to provide the media presentation to co-usersspecified by the user 110. In particular, the act may involve receiving,from the first client device 104a, a request to provide the mediapresentation to a plurality of co-users specified by the user 110.Further, based on a determination that the user 110 has authorized theco-user 112 to add a media segment to the media presentation created bythe user 110, providing the media presentation to the second device 104b associated with the co-user 112 may involve providing the mediapresentation to the second device 104 b with an indication that theco-user 112 is authorized to add a media segment to the mediapresentation. For example, the indication may be a binary bit within themedia presentation that is set (e.g., set to “1”) when the co-users isauthorized to add a media segment to the media presentation.

Further, in some example embodiments, the method 700 may include an actof receiving, from the first client device 104 a associated with theuser 110, an instruction to remove the second media segment that wasadded by the second user 104 b from the media presentation. Further, themethod 700 may include an act of receiving location information from thefirst client device 104 a indicating the location of the first clientdevice 104 a, and dynamically creating a title for the mediapresentation based on the location information received from the firstclient device 104 a. Additionally, in one or more embodiments, themethod 700 may include an act of providing, within the mediapresentation, a first indication of a total number of media segments 312within the media presentation, and providing, within the appended mediapresentation, a second indication of the total number of media segmentswithin the appended media presentation.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise or utilize a specialpurpose or general-purpose computer including computer hardware, suchas, for example, one or more processors and system memory, as discussedin greater detail below. Embodiments within the scope of the presentdisclosure also include physical and other computer-readable media forcarrying or storing computer-executable instructions and/or datastructures. In particular, one or more of the processes described hereinmay be implemented at least in part as instructions embodied in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or morecomputing devices (e.g., any of the media content access devicesdescribed herein). In general, a processor (e.g., a microprocessor)receives instructions, from a non-transitory computer-readable medium,(e.g., a memory, etc.), and executes those instructions, therebyperforming one or more processes, including one or more of the processesdescribed herein.

Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessedby a general purpose or special purpose computer system.Computer-readable media that store computer-executable instructions arenon-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices).Computer-readable media that carry computer-executable instructions aretransmission media. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation,embodiments of the disclosure can comprise at least two distinctlydifferent kinds of computer-readable media: non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media (devices) and transmission media.

Non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices) includes RAM,ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, solid state drives (“SSDs”) (e.g., based on RAM),Flash memory, phase-change memory (“PCM”), other types of memory, otheroptical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storagedevices, or any other medium which can be used to store desired programcode means in the form of computer-executable instructions or datastructures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or specialpurpose computer.

A “network” is defined as one or more data links that enable thetransport of electronic data between computer systems and/or modulesand/or other electronic devices. When information is transferred orprovided over a network or another communications connection (eitherhardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to acomputer, the computer properly views the connection as a transmissionmedium. Transmissions media can include a network and/or data linkswhich can be used to carry desired program code means in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions or data structures and which can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. Combinationsof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

Further, upon reaching various computer system components, program codemeans in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structurescan be transferred automatically from transmission media tonon-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices) (or viceversa). For example, computer-executable instructions or data structuresreceived over a network or data link can be buffered in RAM within anetwork interface module (e.g., a “NIC”), and then eventuallytransferred to computer system RAM and/or to less volatile computerstorage media (devices) at a computer system. Thus, it should beunderstood that non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices)can be included in computer system components that also (or evenprimarily) utilize transmission media.

Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions anddata which, when executed at a processor, cause a general purposecomputer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing deviceto perform a certain function or group of functions. In someembodiments, computer-executable instructions are executed on ageneral-purpose computer to turn the general-purpose computer into aspecial purpose computer implementing elements of the disclosure. Thecomputer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries,intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, or evensource code. Although the subject matter has been described in languagespecific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to beunderstood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is notnecessarily limited to the described features or acts described above.Rather, the described features and acts are disclosed as example formsof implementing the claims.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure may bepracticed in network computing environments with many types of computersystem configurations, including, personal computers, desktop computers,laptop computers, message processors, hand-held devices, multi-processorsystems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics,network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, mobile telephones,PDAs, tablets, pagers, routers, switches, and the like. The disclosuremay also be practiced in distributed system environments where local andremote computer systems, which are linked (either by hardwired datalinks, wireless data links, or by a combination of hardwired andwireless data links) through a network, both perform tasks. In adistributed system environment, program modules may be located in bothlocal and remote memory storage devices.

Embodiments of the present disclosure can also be implemented in cloudcomputing environments. In this description, “cloud computing” isdefined as a model for enabling on-demand network access to a sharedpool of configurable computing resources. For example, cloud computingcan be employed in the marketplace to offer ubiquitous and convenienton-demand access to the shared pool of configurable computing resources.The shared pool of configurable computing resources can be rapidlyprovisioned via virtualization and released with low management effortor service provider interaction, and then scaled accordingly.

A cloud-computing model can be composed of various characteristics suchas, for example, on-demand self-service, broad network access, resourcepooling, rapid elasticity, measured service, and so forth. Acloud-computing model can also expose various service models, such as,for example, Software as a Service (“SaaS”), Platform as a Service(“PaaS”), and Infrastructure as a Service (“IaaS”). A cloud-computingmodel can also be deployed using different deployment models such asprivate cloud, community cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, and soforth. In this description and in the claims, a “cloud-computingenvironment” is an environment in which cloud computing is employed.

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram of exemplary computing device 800that may be configured to perform one or more of the processes describedabove. One will appreciate that one or more computing devices such asthe computing device 800 may implement the media presentation system 102and/or computing devices 104a, 104 b, 104, and 300. As shown by FIG. 8,the computing device 800 can comprise a processor 802, a memory 804, astorage device 806, an I/O interface 808, and a communication interface810, which may be communicatively coupled by way of a communicationinfrastructure 812. While an exemplary computing device 800 is shown inFIG. 8, the components illustrated in FIG. 8 are not intended to belimiting. Additional or alternative components may be used in otherembodiments. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the computing device800 can include fewer components than those shown in FIG. 8. Componentsof the computing device 800 shown in FIG. 8 will now be described inadditional detail.

In one or more embodiments, the processor 802 includes hardware forexecuting instructions, such as those making up a computer program. Asan example and not by way of limitation, to execute instructions, theprocessor 802 may retrieve (or fetch) the instructions from an internalregister, an internal cache, the memory 804, or the storage device 806and decode and execute them. In one or more embodiments, the processor802 may include one or more internal caches for data, instructions, oraddresses. As an example and not by way of limitation, the processor 802may include one or more instruction caches, one or more data caches, andone or more translation lookaside buffers (TLBs). Instructions in theinstruction caches may be copies of instructions in the memory 804 orthe storage 806.

The memory 804 may be used for storing data, metadata, and programs forexecution by the processor(s). The memory 804 may include one or more ofvolatile and non-volatile memories, such as Random Access Memory(“RAM”), Read Only Memory (“ROM”), a solid state disk (“SSD”), Flash,Phase Change Memory (“PCM”), or other types of data storage. The memory804 may be internal or distributed memory.

The storage device 806 includes storage for storing data orinstructions. As an example and not by way of limitation, storage device806 can comprise a non-transitory storage medium described above. Thestorage device 806 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy diskdrive, flash memory, an optical disc, a magneto-optical disc, magnetictape, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive or a combination of two ormore of these. The storage device 806 may include removable ornon-removable (or fixed) media, where appropriate. The storage device806 may be internal or external to the computing device 800. In one ormore embodiments, the storage device 806 is non-volatile, solid-statememory. In other embodiments, the storage device 806 includes read-onlymemory (ROM). Where appropriate, this ROM may be mask programmed ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasablePROM (EEPROM), electrically alterable ROM (EAROM), or flash memory or acombination of two or more of these.

The I/O interface 808 allows a user to provide input to, receive outputfrom, and otherwise transfer data to and receive data from computingdevice 800. The I/O interface 808 may include a mouse, a keypad or akeyboard, a touch screen, a camera, an optical scanner, networkinterface, modem, other known I/O devices or a combination of such I/Ointerfaces. The I/O interface 808 may include one or more devices forpresenting output to a user, including, but not limited to, a graphicsengine, a display (e.g., a display screen), one or more output drivers(e.g., display drivers), one or more audio speakers, and one or moreaudio drivers. In certain embodiments, the I/O interface 808 isconfigured to provide graphical data to a display for presentation to auser. The graphical data may be representative of one or more graphicaluser interfaces and/or any other graphical content as may serve aparticular implementation.

The communication interface 810 can include hardware, software, or both.In any event, the communication interface 810 can provide one or moreinterfaces for communication (such as, for example, packet-basedcommunication) between the computing device 800 and one or more othercomputing devices or networks. As an example and not by way oflimitation, the communication interface 810 may include a networkinterface controller (NIC) or network adapter for communicating with anEthernet or other wire-based network or a wireless NIC (WNIC) orwireless adapter for communicating with a wireless network, such as aWI-FI.

Additionally or alternatively, the communication interface 810 mayfacilitate communications with an ad hoc network, a personal areanetwork (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), ametropolitan area network (MAN), or one or more portions of the Internetor a combination of two or more of these. One or more portions of one ormore of these networks may be wired or wireless. As an example, thecommunication interface 810 may facilitate communications with awireless PAN (WPAN) (such as, for example, a BLUETOOTH WPAN), a WI-FInetwork, a WI-MAX network, a cellular telephone network (such as, forexample, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network), orother suitable wireless network or a combination thereof.

Additionally, the communication interface 810 may facilitatecommunications various communication protocols. Examples ofcommunication protocols that may be used include, but are not limitedto, data transmission media, communications devices, TransmissionControl Protocol (“TCP”), Internet Protocol (“IP”), File TransferProtocol (“FTP”), Telnet, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (“HTTP”),Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (“HTTPS”), Session InitiationProtocol (“SIP”), Simple Object Access Protocol (“SOAP”), ExtensibleMark-up Language (“XML”) and variations thereof, Simple Mail TransferProtocol (“SMTP”), Real-Time Transport Protocol (“RTP”), User DatagramProtocol (“UDP”), Global System for Mobile Communications (“GSM”)technologies, Code Division Multiple Access (“CDMA”) technologies, TimeDivision Multiple Access (“TDMA”) technologies, Short Message Service(“SMS”), Multimedia Message Service (“MMS”), radio frequency (“RF”)signaling technologies, Long Term Evolution (“LTE”) technologies,wireless communication technologies, in-band and out-of-band signalingtechnologies, and other suitable communications networks andtechnologies.

The communication infrastructure 812 may include hardware, software, orboth that couples components of the computing device 800 to each other.As an example and not by way of limitation, the communicationinfrastructure 812 may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) orother graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA)bus, a front-side bus (FSB), a HYPERTRANSPORT (HT) interconnect, anIndustry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an INFINIBAND interconnect, alow-pin-count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Micro Channel Architecture(MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express(PCIe) bus, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a VideoElectronics Standards Association local (VLB) bus, or another suitablebus or a combination thereof.

As mentioned above, the communication system 110 can comprise a socialnetworking system. A social networking system may enable its users (suchas persons or organizations) to interact with the system and with eachother. The social networking system may, with input from a user, createand store in the social networking system a user profile associated withthe user. The user profile may include demographic information,communication-channel information, and information on personal interestsof the user. The social networking system may also, with input from auser, create and store a record of relationships of the user with otherusers of the social networking system, as well as provide services (e.g.wall posts, photo-sharing, on-line calendars and event organization,messaging, games, or advertisements) to facilitate social interactionbetween or among users. Also, the social networking system may allowusers to post photographs and other multimedia content items to a user'sprofile page (typically known as “wall posts” or “timeline posts”) or ina photo album, both of which may be accessible to other users of thesocial networking system depending upon the user's configured privacysettings.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example network environment 900 of a socialnetworking system. Network environment 900 includes a client system 906,a social networking system 902, and a third-party system 908 connectedto each other by a network 904. Although FIG. 9 illustrates a particulararrangement of client system 906, social networking system 902,third-party system 908, and network 904, this disclosure contemplatesany suitable arrangement of client system 906, social networking system902, third-party system 908, and network 904. As an example and not byway of limitation, two or more of client system 906, social networkingsystem 902, and third-party system 908 may be connected to each otherdirectly, bypassing network 904. As another example, two or more ofclient system 906, social networking system 902, and third-party system908 may be physically or logically co-located with each other in whole,or in part. Moreover, although FIG. 9 illustrates a particular number ofclient systems 906, social networking systems 902, third-party systems908, and networks 904, this disclosure contemplates any suitable numberof client systems 906, social networking systems 902, third-partysystems 908, and networks 904. As an example and not by way oflimitation, network environment 900 may include multiple client system906, social networking systems 902, third-party systems 908, andnetworks 904.

This disclosure contemplates any suitable network 904. As an example andnot by way of limitation, one or more portions of network 904 mayinclude an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual privatenetwork (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a widearea network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network(MAN), a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public SwitchedTelephone Network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, or a combinationof two or more of these. Network 904 may include one or more networks904.

Links may connect client system 906, social networking system 902, andthird-party system 908 to communication network 904 or to each other.This disclosure contemplates any suitable links. In particularembodiments, one or more links include one or more wireline (such as forexample Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or Data Over Cable ServiceInterface Specification (DOCSIS)), wireless (such as for example Wi-Fior Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), or optical(such as for example Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or SynchronousDigital Hierarchy (SDH)) links. In particular embodiments, one or morelinks each include an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a VPN, aLAN, a WLAN, a WAN, a WWAN, a MAN, a portion of the Internet, a portionof the PSTN, a cellular technology-based network, a satellitecommunications technology-based network, another link, or a combinationof two or more such links. Links need not necessarily be the samethroughout network environment 900. One or more first links may differin one or more respects from one or more second links.

In particular embodiments, client system 906 may be an electronic deviceincluding hardware, software, or embedded logic components or acombination of two or more such components and capable of carrying outthe appropriate functionalities implemented or supported by clientsystem 906. As an example and not by way of limitation, a client system906 may include any of the computing devices discussed above in relationto FIG. 8. A client system 906 may enable a network user at clientsystem 906 to access network 904. A client system 906 may enable itsuser to communicate with other users at other client systems 906.

In particular embodiments, client system 906 may include a web browser,such as MICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER, GOOGLE CHROME, or MOZILLA FIREFOX,and may have one or more add-ons, plug-ins, or other extensions, such asTOOLBAR or YAHOO TOOLBAR. A user at client system 906 may enter aUniform Resource Locator (URL) or other address directing the webbrowser to a particular server (such as server, or a server associatedwith a third-party system 908), and the web browser may generate a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request and communicate the HTTP requestto server. The server may accept the HTTP request and communicate toclient system 906 one or more Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) filesresponsive to the HTTP request. Client system 906 may render a webpagebased on the HTML files from the server for presentation to the user.This disclosure contemplates any suitable webpage files. As an exampleand not by way of limitation, webpages may render from HTML files,Extensible Hyper Text Markup Language (XHTML) files, or ExtensibleMarkup Language (XML) files, according to particular needs. Such pagesmay also execute scripts such as, for example and without limitation,those written in JAVASCRIPT, JAVA, MICROSOFT SILVERLIGHT, combinationsof markup language and scripts such as AJAX (Asynchronous JAVASCRIPT andXML), and the like. Herein, reference to a webpage encompasses one ormore corresponding webpage files (which a browser may use to render thewebpage) and vice versa, where appropriate.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may be anetwork-addressable computing system that can host an online socialnetwork. Social networking system 902 may generate, store, receive, andsend social-networking data, such as, for example, user-profile data,concept-profile data, social-graph information, or other suitable datarelated to the online social network. Social networking system 902 maybe accessed by the other components of network environment 900 eitherdirectly or via network 904. In particular embodiments, socialnetworking system 902 may include one or more servers. Each server maybe a unitary server or a distributed server spanning multiple computersor multiple datacenters. Servers may be of various types, such as, forexample and without limitation, web server, news server, mail server,message server, advertising server, file server, application server,exchange server, database server, proxy server, another server suitablefor performing functions or processes described herein, or anycombination thereof. In particular embodiments, each server may includehardware, software, or embedded logic components or a combination of twoor more such components for carrying out the appropriate functionalitiesimplemented or supported by server. In particular embodiments, socialnetworking system 902 may include one or more data stores. Data storesmay be used to store various types of information. In particularembodiments, the information stored in data stores may be organizedaccording to specific data structures. In particular embodiments, eachdata store may be a relational, columnar, correlation, or other suitabledatabase. Although this disclosure describes or illustrates particulartypes of databases, this disclosure contemplates any suitable types ofdatabases. Particular embodiments may provide interfaces that enable aclient system 906, a social networking system 902, or a third-partysystem 908 to manage, retrieve, modify, add, or delete, the informationstored in data store.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may store one ormore social graphs in one or more data stores. In particularembodiments, a social graph may include multiple nodes—which may includemultiple user nodes (each corresponding to a particular user) ormultiple concept nodes (each corresponding to a particular concept)—andmultiple edges connecting the nodes. Social networking system 902 mayprovide users of the online social network the ability to communicateand interact with other users. In particular embodiments, users may jointhe online social network via social networking system 902 and then addconnections (e.g., relationships) to a number of other users of socialnetworking system 902 whom they want to be connected to. Herein, theterm “friend” may refer to any other user of social networking system902 with which a user has formed a connection, association, orrelationship via social networking system 902.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may provideusers with the ability to take actions on various types of items orobjects, supported by social networking system 902. As an example andnot by way of limitation, the items and objects may include groups orsocial networks to which users of social networking system 902 maybelong, events or calendar entries in which a user might be interested,computer-based applications that a user may use, transactions that allowusers to buy or sell items via the service, interactions withadvertisements that a user may perform, or other suitable items orobjects. A user may interact with anything that is capable of beingrepresented in social networking system 902 or by an external system ofthird-party system 908, which is separate from social networking system902 and coupled to social networking system 902 via a network 904.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may be capableof linking a variety of entities. As an example and not by way oflimitation, social networking system 902 may enable users to interactwith each other as well as receive content from third-party systems 908or other entities, or to allow users to interact with these entitiesthrough an application programming interfaces (API) or othercommunication channels.

In particular embodiments, a third-party system 908 may include one ormore types of servers, one or more data stores, one or more interfaces,including but not limited to APIs, one or more web services, one or morecontent sources, one or more networks, or any other suitable components,e.g., that servers may communicate with. A third-party system 908 may beoperated by a different entity from an entity operating socialnetworking system 902. In particular embodiments, however, socialnetworking system 902 and third-party systems 908 may operate inconjunction with each other to provide social-networking services tousers of social networking system 902 or third-party systems 908. Inthis sense, social networking system 902 may provide a platform, orbackbone, which other systems, such as third-party systems 908, may useto provide social-networking services and functionality to users acrossthe Internet.

In particular embodiments, a third-party system 908 may include athird-party content object provider. A third-party content objectprovider may include one or more sources of content objects, which maybe communicated to a client system 906. As an example and not by way oflimitation, content objects may include information regarding things oractivities of interest to the user, such as, for example, movie showtimes, movie reviews, restaurant reviews, restaurant menus, productinformation and reviews, or other suitable information. As anotherexample and not by way of limitation, content objects may includeincentive content objects, such as coupons, discount tickets, giftcertificates, or other suitable incentive objects.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 also includesuser-generated content objects, which may enhance a user's interactionswith social networking system 902. User-generated content may includeanything a user can add, upload, send, or “post” to social networkingsystem 902. As an example and not by way of limitation, a usercommunicates posts to social networking system 902 from a client system906. Posts may include data such as status updates or other textualdata, location information, photos, videos, links, music or othersimilar data or media. Content may also be added to social networkingsystem 902 by a third-party through a “communication channel,” such as anewsfeed or stream.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may include avariety of servers, sub-systems, programs, modules, logs, and datastores. In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 mayinclude one or more of the following: a web server, action logger,API-request server, relevance-and-ranking engine, content-objectclassifier, notification controller, action log,third-party-content-object-exposure log, inference module,authorization/privacy server, search module, advertisement-targetingmodule, user-interface module, user-profile store, connection store,third-party content store, or location store. Social networking system902 may also include suitable components such as network interfaces,security mechanisms, load balancers, failover servers,management-and-network-operations consoles, other suitable components,or any suitable combination thereof. In particular embodiments, socialnetworking system 902 may include one or more user-profile stores forstoring user profiles. A user profile may include, for example,biographic information, demographic information, behavioral information,social information, or other types of descriptive information, such aswork experience, educational history, hobbies or preferences, interests,affinities, or location. Interest information may include interestsrelated to one or more categories. Categories may be general orspecific. As an example and not by way of limitation, if a user “likes”an article about a brand of shoes the category may be the brand, or thegeneral category of “shoes” or “clothing.” A connection store may beused for storing connection information about users. The connectioninformation may indicate users who have similar or common workexperience, group memberships, hobbies, educational history, or are inany way related or share common attributes. The connection informationmay also include user-defined connections between different users andcontent (both internal and external). A web server may be used forlinking social networking system 902 to one or more client systems 906or one or more third-party system 908 via network 904. The web servermay include a mail server or other messaging functionality for receivingand routing messages between social networking system 902 and one ormore client systems 906. An API-request server may allow a third-partysystem 908 to access information from social networking system 902 bycalling one or more APIs. An action logger may be used to receivecommunications from a web server about a user's actions on or off socialnetworking system 902. In conjunction with the action log, athird-party-content-object log may be maintained of user exposures tothird-party-content objects. A notification controller may provideinformation regarding content objects to a client system 906.Information may be pushed to a client system 906 as notifications, orinformation may be pulled from client system 906 responsive to a requestreceived from client system 906. Authorization servers may be used toenforce one or more privacy settings of the users of social networkingsystem 902. A privacy setting of a user determines how particularinformation associated with a user can be shared. The authorizationserver may allow users to opt in to or opt out of having their actionslogged by social networking system 902 or shared with other systems(e.g., third-party system 908), such as, for example, by settingappropriate privacy settings. Third-party-content-object stores may beused to store content objects received from third parties, such as athird-party system 908. Location stores may be used for storing locationinformation received from client systems 906 associated with users.Advertisement-pricing modules may combine social information, thecurrent time, location information, or other suitable information toprovide relevant advertisements, in the form of notifications, to auser.

FIG. 10 illustrates example social graph 1000. In particularembodiments, social networking system 902 may store one or more socialgraphs 1000 in one or more data stores. In particular embodiments,social graph 1000 may include multiple nodes—which may include multipleuser nodes 1002 or multiple concept nodes 1004—and multiple edges 1006connecting the nodes. Example social graph 1000 illustrated in FIG. 10is shown, for didactic purposes, in a two-dimensional visual maprepresentation. In particular embodiments, a social networking system902, client system 906, or third-party system 908 may access socialgraph 1000 and related social-graph information for suitableapplications. The nodes and edges of social graph 1000 may be stored asdata objects, for example, in a data store (such as a social-graphdatabase). Such a data store may include one or more searchable or queryable indexes of nodes or edges of social graph 1000.

In particular embodiments, a user node 1002 may correspond to a user ofsocial networking system 902. As an example and not by way oflimitation, a user may be an individual (human user), an entity (e.g.,an enterprise, business, or third-party application), or a group (e.g.,of individuals or entities) that interacts or communicates with or oversocial networking system 902. In particular embodiments, when a userregisters for an account with social networking system 902, socialnetworking system 902 may create a user node 1002 corresponding to theuser, and store the user node 1002 in one or more data stores. Users anduser nodes 1002 described herein may, where appropriate, refer toregistered users and user nodes 1002 associated with registered users.In addition or as an alternative, users and user nodes 1002 describedherein may, where appropriate, refer to users that have not registeredwith social networking system 902. In particular embodiments, a usernode 1002 may be associated with information provided by a user orinformation gathered by various systems, including social networkingsystem 902. As an example and not by way of limitation, a user mayprovide his or her name, profile picture, contact information, birthdate, sex, marital status, family status, employment, educationbackground, preferences, interests, or other demographic information.Each user node of the social graph may have a corresponding web page(typically known as a profile page). In response to a request includinga user name, the social networking system can access a user nodecorresponding to the user name, and construct a profile page includingthe name, a profile picture, and other information associated with theuser. A profile page of a first user may display to a second user all ora portion of the first user's information based on one or more privacysettings by the first user and the relationship between the first userand the second user.

In particular embodiments, a concept node 1004 may correspond to aconcept. As an example and not by way of limitation, a concept maycorrespond to a place (such as, for example, a movie theater,restaurant, landmark, or city); a website (such as, for example, awebsite associated with social-network system 902 or a third-partywebsite associated with a web-application server); an entity (such as,for example, a person, business, group, sports team, or celebrity); aresource (such as, for example, an audio file, video file, digitalphoto, text file, structured document, or application) which may belocated within social networking system 902 or on an external server,such as a web-application server; real or intellectual property (suchas, for example, a sculpture, painting, movie, game, song, idea,photograph, or written work); a game; an activity; an idea or theory;another suitable concept; or two or more such concepts. A concept node1004 may be associated with information of a concept provided by a useror information gathered by various systems, including social networkingsystem 902. As an example and not by way of limitation, information of aconcept may include a name or a title; one or more images (e.g., animage of the cover page of a book); a location (e.g., an address or ageographical location); a website (which may be associated with a URL);contact information (e.g., a phone number or an email address); othersuitable concept information; or any suitable combination of suchinformation. In particular embodiments, a concept node 1004 may beassociated with one or more data objects corresponding to informationassociated with concept node 1004. In particular embodiments, a conceptnode 1004 may correspond to one or more webpages.

In particular embodiments, a node in social graph 1000 may represent orbe represented by a webpage (which may be referred to as a “profilepage”). Profile pages may be hosted by or accessible to socialnetworking system 902. Profile pages may also be hosted on third-partywebsites associated with a third-party server 908. As an example and notby way of limitation, a profile page corresponding to a particularexternal webpage may be the particular external webpage and the profilepage may correspond to a particular concept node 1004. Profile pages maybe viewable by all or a selected subset of other users. As an exampleand not by way of limitation, a user node 1002 may have a correspondinguser-profile page in which the corresponding user may add content, makedeclarations, or otherwise express himself or herself. As anotherexample and not by way of limitation, a concept node 1004 may have acorresponding concept-profile page in which one or more users may addcontent, make declarations, or express themselves, particularly inrelation to the concept corresponding to concept node 1004.

In particular embodiments, a concept node 1004 may represent athird-party webpage or resource hosted by a third-party system 908. Thethird-party webpage or resource may include, among other elements,content, a selectable or other icon, or other inter-actable object(which may be implemented, for example, in JavaScript, AJAX, or PHPcodes) representing an action or activity. As an example and not by wayof limitation, a third-party webpage may include a selectable icon suchas “like,” “check in,” “eat,” “recommend,” or another suitable action oractivity. A user viewing the third-party webpage may perform an actionby selecting one of the icons (e.g., “eat”), causing a client system 906to send to social networking system 902 a message indicating the user'saction. In response to the message, social networking system 902 maycreate an edge (e.g., an “eat” edge) between a user node 1002corresponding to the user and a concept node 1004 corresponding to thethird-party webpage or resource and store edge 1006 in one or more datastores.

In particular embodiments, a pair of nodes in social graph 1000 may beconnected to each other by one or more edges 1006. An edge 1006connecting a pair of nodes may represent a relationship between the pairof nodes. In particular embodiments, an edge 1006 may include orrepresent one or more data objects or attributes corresponding to therelationship between a pair of nodes. As an example and not by way oflimitation, a first user may indicate that a second user is a “friend”of the first user. In response to this indication, social networkingsystem 902 may send a “friend request” to the second user. If the seconduser confirms the “friend request,” social networking system 902 maycreate an edge 1006 connecting the first user's user node 1002 to thesecond user's user node 1002 in social graph 1000 and store edge 1006 associal-graph information in one or more of data stores. In the exampleof FIG. 10, social graph 1000 includes an edge 1006 indicating a friendrelation between user nodes 1002 of user “A” and user “B” and an edgeindicating a friend relation between user nodes 1002 of user “C” anduser “B.” Although this disclosure describes or illustrates particularedges 1006 with particular attributes connecting particular user nodes1002, this disclosure contemplates any suitable edges 1006 with anysuitable attributes connecting user nodes 1002. As an example and not byway of limitation, an edge 1006 may represent a friendship, familyrelationship, business or employment relationship, fan relationship,follower relationship, visitor relationship, subscriber relationship,superior/subordinate relationship, reciprocal relationship,non-reciprocal relationship, another suitable type of relationship, ortwo or more such relationships. Moreover, although this disclosuregenerally describes nodes as being connected, this disclosure alsodescribes users or concepts as being connected. Herein, references tousers or concepts being connected may, where appropriate, refer to thenodes corresponding to those users or concepts being connected in socialgraph 1000 by one or more edges 1006.

In particular embodiments, an edge 1006 between a user node 1002 and aconcept node 1004 may represent a particular action or activityperformed by a user associated with user node 1002 toward a conceptassociated with a concept node 1004. As an example and not by way oflimitation, as illustrated in FIG. 10, a user may “like,” “attended,”“played,” “listened,” “cooked,” “worked at,” or “watched” a concept,each of which may correspond to a edge type or subtype. Aconcept-profile page corresponding to a concept node 1004 may include,for example, a selectable “check in” icon (such as, for example, aclickable “check in” icon) or a selectable “add to favorites” icon.Similarly, after a user clicks these icons, social networking system 902may create a “favorite” edge or a “check in” edge in response to auser's action corresponding to a respective action. As another exampleand not by way of limitation, a user (user “C”) may listen to aparticular song (“Ramble On”) using a particular application (SPOTIFY,which is an online music application). In this case, social networkingsystem 902 may create a “listened” edge 1006 and a “used” edge (asillustrated in FIG. 10) between user nodes 1002 corresponding to theuser and concept nodes 1004 corresponding to the song and application toindicate that the user listened to the song and used the application.Moreover, social networking system 902 may create a “played” edge 1006(as illustrated in FIG. 10) between concept nodes 1004 corresponding tothe song and the application to indicate that the particular song wasplayed by the particular application. In this case, “played” edge 1006corresponds to an action performed by an external application (SPOTIFY)on an external audio file (the song “Imagine”). Although this disclosuredescribes particular edges 1006 with particular attributes connectinguser nodes 1002 and concept nodes 1004, this disclosure contemplates anysuitable edges 1006 with any suitable attributes connecting user nodes1002 and concept nodes 1004. Moreover, although this disclosuredescribes edges between a user node 1002 and a concept node 1004representing a single relationship, this disclosure contemplates edgesbetween a user node 1002 and a concept node 1004 representing one ormore relationships. As an example and not by way of limitation, an edge1006 may represent both that a user likes and has used at a particularconcept. Alternatively, another edge 1006 may represent each type ofrelationship (or multiples of a single relationship) between a user node1002 and a concept node 1004 (as illustrated in FIG. 10 between usernode 1002 for user “E” and concept node 1004 for “SPOTIFY”).

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may create anedge 1006 between a user node 1002 and a concept node 1004 in socialgraph 1000. As an example and not by way of limitation, a user viewing aconcept-profile page (such as, for example, by using a web browser or aspecial-purpose application hosted by the user's client system 906) mayindicate that he or she likes the concept represented by the conceptnode 1004 by clicking or selecting a “Like” icon, which may cause theuser's client system 906 to send to social networking system 902 amessage indicating the user's liking of the concept associated with theconcept-profile page. In response to the message, social networkingsystem 902 may create an edge 1006 between user node 1002 associatedwith the user and concept node 1004, as illustrated by “like” edge 1006between the user and concept node 1004. In particular embodiments,social networking system 902 may store an edge 1006 in one or more datastores. In particular embodiments, an edge 1006 may be automaticallyformed by social networking system 902 in response to a particular useraction. As an example and not by way of limitation, if a first useruploads a picture, watches a movie, or listens to a song, an edge 1006may be formed between user node 1002 corresponding to the first user andconcept nodes 1004 corresponding to those concepts. Although thisdisclosure describes forming particular edges 1006 in particularmanners, this disclosure contemplates forming any suitable edges 1006 inany suitable manner.

In particular embodiments, an advertisement may be text (which may beHTML-linked), one or more images (which may be HTML-linked), one or morevideos, audio, one or more ADOBE FLASH files, a suitable combination ofthese, or any other suitable advertisement in any suitable digitalformat presented on one or more webpages, in one or more e-mails, or inconnection with search results requested by a user. In addition or as analternative, an advertisement may be one or more sponsored stories(e.g., a news-feed or ticker item on social networking system 902). Asponsored story may be a social action by a user (such as “liking” apage, “liking” or commenting on a post on a page, RSVPing to an eventassociated with a page, voting on a question posted on a page, checkingin to a place, using an application or playing a game, or “liking” orsharing a website) that an advertiser promotes, for example, by havingthe social action presented within a pre-determined area of a profilepage of a user or other page, presented with additional informationassociated with the advertiser, bumped up or otherwise highlightedwithin news feeds or tickers of other users, or otherwise promoted. Theadvertiser may pay to have the social action promoted. As an example andnot by way of limitation, advertisements may be included among thesearch results of a search-results page, where sponsored content ispromoted over non-sponsored content.

In particular embodiments, an advertisement may be requested for displaywithin social-networking-system webpages, third-party webpages, or otherpages. An advertisement may be displayed in a dedicated portion of apage, such as in a banner area at the top of the page, in a column atthe side of the page, in a GUI of the page, in a pop-up window, in adrop-down menu, in an input field of the page, over the top of contentof the page, or elsewhere with respect to the page. In addition or as analternative, an advertisement may be displayed within an application. Anadvertisement may be displayed within dedicated pages, requiring theuser to interact with or watch the advertisement before the user mayaccess a page or utilize an application. The user may, for example viewthe advertisement through a web browser.

A user may interact with an advertisement in any suitable manner. Theuser may click or otherwise select the advertisement. By selecting theadvertisement, the user may be directed to (or a browser or otherapplication being used by the user) a page associated with theadvertisement. At the page associated with the advertisement, the usermay take additional actions, such as purchasing a product or serviceassociated with the advertisement, receiving information associated withthe advertisement, or subscribing to a newsletter associated with theadvertisement. An advertisement with audio or video may be played byselecting a component of the advertisement (like a “play button”).Alternatively, by selecting the advertisement, social networking system902 may execute or modify a particular action of the user.

An advertisement may also include social-networking-system functionalitythat a user may interact with. As an example and not by way oflimitation, an advertisement may enable a user to “like” or otherwiseendorse the advertisement by selecting an icon or link associated withendorsement. As another example and not by way of limitation, anadvertisement may enable a user to search (e.g., by executing a query)for content related to the advertiser. Similarly, a user may share theadvertisement with another user (e.g., through social networking system902) or RSVP (e.g., through social networking system 902) to an eventassociated with the advertisement. In addition or as an alternative, anadvertisement may include social-networking-system context directed tothe user. As an example and not by way of limitation, an advertisementmay display information about a friend of the user within socialnetworking system 902 who has taken an action associated with thesubject matter of the advertisement.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may determinethe social-graph affinity (which may be referred to herein as“affinity”) of various social-graph entities for each other. Affinitymay represent the strength of a relationship or level of interestbetween particular objects associated with the online social network,such as users, concepts, content, actions, advertisements, other objectsassociated with the online social network, or any suitable combinationthereof. Affinity may also be determined with respect to objectsassociated with third-party systems 908 or other suitable systems. Anoverall affinity for a social-graph entity for each user, subjectmatter, or type of content may be established. The overall affinity maychange based on continued monitoring of the actions or relationshipsassociated with the social-graph entity. Although this disclosuredescribes determining particular affinities in a particular manner, thisdisclosure contemplates determining any suitable affinities in anysuitable manner.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may measure orquantify social-graph affinity using an affinity coefficient (which maybe referred to herein as “coefficient”). The coefficient may representor quantify the strength of a relationship between particular objectsassociated with the online social network. The coefficient may alsorepresent a probability or function that measures a predictedprobability that a user will perform a particular action based on theuser's interest in the action. In this way, a user's future actions maybe predicted based on the user's prior actions, where the coefficientmay be calculated at least in part a the history of the user's actions.Coefficients may be used to predict any number of actions, which may bewithin or outside of the online social network. As an example and not byway of limitation, these actions may include various types ofcommunications, such as sending messages, posting content, or commentingon content; various types of a observation actions, such as accessing orviewing profile pages, media, or other suitable content; various typesof coincidence information about two or more social-graph entities, suchas being in the same group, tagged in the same photograph, checked-in atthe same location, or attending the same event; or other suitableactions. Although this disclosure describes measuring affinity in aparticular manner, this disclosure contemplates measuring affinity inany suitable manner.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may use avariety of factors to calculate a coefficient. These factors mayinclude, for example, user actions, types of relationships betweenobjects, location information, other suitable factors, or anycombination thereof. In particular embodiments, different factors may beweighted differently when calculating the coefficient. The weights foreach factor may be static or the weights may change according to, forexample, the user, the type of relationship, the type of action, theuser's location, and so forth. Ratings for the factors may be combinedaccording to their weights to determine an overall coefficient for theuser. As an example and not by way of limitation, particular useractions may be assigned both a rating and a weight while a relationshipassociated with the particular user action is assigned a rating and acorrelating weight (e.g., so the weights total 100%). To calculate thecoefficient of a user towards a particular object, the rating assignedto the user's actions may comprise, for example, 60% of the overallcoefficient, while the relationship between the user and the object maycomprise 40% of the overall coefficient. In particular embodiments, thesocial networking system 902 may consider a variety of variables whendetermining weights for various factors used to calculate a coefficient,such as, for example, the time since information was accessed, decayfactors, frequency of access, relationship to information orrelationship to the object about which information was accessed,relationship to social-graph entities connected to the object, short- orlong-term averages of user actions, user feedback, other suitablevariables, or any combination thereof. As an example and not by way oflimitation, a coefficient may include a decay factor that causes thestrength of the signal provided by particular actions to decay withtime, such that more recent actions are more relevant when calculatingthe coefficient. The ratings and weights may be continuously updatedbased on continued tracking of the actions upon which the coefficient isbased. Any type of process or algorithm may be employed for assigning,combining, averaging, and so forth the ratings for each factor and theweights assigned to the factors. In particular embodiments, socialnetworking system 902 may determine coefficients using machine-learningalgorithms trained on historical actions and past user responses, ordata farmed from users by exposing them to various options and measuringresponses. Although this disclosure describes calculating coefficientsin a particular manner, this disclosure contemplates calculatingcoefficients in any suitable manner.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may calculate acoefficient based on a user's actions. Social networking system 902 maymonitor such actions on the online social network, on a third-partysystem 908, on other suitable systems, or any combination thereof. Anysuitable type of user actions may be tracked or monitored. Typical useractions include viewing profile pages, creating or posting content,interacting with content, joining groups, listing and confirmingattendance at events, checking-in at locations, liking particular pages,creating pages, and performing other tasks that facilitate socialaction. In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 maycalculate a coefficient based on the user's actions with particulartypes of content. The content may be associated with the online socialnetwork, a third-party system 908, or another suitable system. Thecontent may include users, profile pages, posts, news stories,headlines, instant messages, chat room conversations, emails,advertisements, pictures, video, music, other suitable objects, or anycombination thereof. Social networking system 902 may analyze a user'sactions to determine whether one or more of the actions indicate anaffinity for subject matter, content, other users, and so forth. As anexample and not by way of limitation, if a user may make frequentlyposts content related to “coffee” or variants thereof, social networkingsystem 902 may determine the user has a high coefficient with respect tothe concept “coffee.” Particular actions or types of actions may beassigned a higher weight and/or rating than other actions, which mayaffect the overall calculated coefficient. As an example and not by wayof limitation, if a first user emails a second user, the weight or therating for the action may be higher than if the first user simply viewsthe user-profile page for the second user.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may calculate acoefficient based on the type of relationship between particularobjects. Referencing the social graph 1000, social networking system 902may analyze the number and/or type of edges 1006 connecting particularuser nodes 1002 and concept nodes 1004 when calculating a coefficient.As an example and not by way of limitation, user nodes 1002 that areconnected by a spouse-type edge (representing that the two users aremarried) may be assigned a higher coefficient than a user nodes 1002that are connected by a friend-type edge. In other words, depending uponthe weights assigned to the actions and relationships for the particularuser, the overall affinity may be determined to be higher for contentabout the user's spouse than for content about the user's friend. Inparticular embodiments, the relationships a user has with another objectmay affect the weights and/or the ratings of the user's actions withrespect to calculating the coefficient for that object. As an exampleand not by way of limitation, if a user is tagged in first photo, butmerely likes a second photo, social networking system 902 may determinethat the user has a higher coefficient with respect to the first photothan the second photo because having a tagged-in-type relationship withcontent may be assigned a higher weight and/or rating than having alike-type relationship with content. In particular embodiments, socialnetworking system 902 may calculate a coefficient for a first user basedon the relationship one or more second users have with a particularobject. In other words, the connections and coefficients other usershave with an object may affect the first user's coefficient for theobject. As an example and not by way of limitation, if a first user isconnected to or has a high coefficient for one or more second users, andthose second users are connected to or have a high coefficient for aparticular object, social networking system 902 may determine that thefirst user should also have a relatively high coefficient for theparticular object. In particular embodiments, the coefficient may bebased on the degree of separation between particular objects. Degree ofseparation between any two nodes is defined as the minimum number ofhops required to traverse the social graph from one node to the other. Adegree of separation between two nodes can be considered a measure ofrelatedness between the users or the concepts represented by the twonodes in the social graph. For example, two users having user nodes thatare directly connected by an edge (i.e., are first-degree nodes) may bedescribed as “connected users” or “friends.” Similarly, two users havinguser nodes that are connected only through another user node (i.e., aresecond-degree nodes) may be described as “friends of friends.” The lowercoefficient may represent the decreasing likelihood that the first userwill share an interest in content objects of the user that is indirectlyconnected to the first user in the social graph 1000. As an example andnot by way of limitation, social-graph entities that are closer in thesocial graph 1000 (i.e., fewer degrees of separation) may have a highercoefficient than entities that are further apart in the social graph1000.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may calculate acoefficient based on location information. Objects that aregeographically closer to each other may be considered to be morerelated, or of more interest, to each other than more distant objects.In particular embodiments, the coefficient of a user towards aparticular object may be based on the proximity of the object's locationto a current location associated with the user (or the location of aclient system 906 of the user). A first user may be more interested inother users or concepts that are closer to the first user. As an exampleand not by way of limitation, if a user is one mile from an airport andtwo miles from a gas station, social networking system 902 may determinethat the user has a higher coefficient for the airport than the gasstation based on the proximity of the airport to the user.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may performparticular actions with respect to a user based on coefficientinformation. Coefficients may be used to predict whether a user willperform a particular action based on the user's interest in the action.A coefficient may be used when generating or presenting any type ofobjects to a user, such as advertisements, search results, news stories,media, messages, notifications, or other suitable objects. Thecoefficient may also be utilized to rank and order such objects, asappropriate. In this way, social networking system 902 may provideinformation that is relevant to user's interests and currentcircumstances, increasing the likelihood that they will find suchinformation of interest. In particular embodiments, social networkingsystem 902 may generate content based on coefficient information.Content objects may be provided or selected based on coefficientsspecific to a user. As an example and not by way of limitation, thecoefficient may be used to generate media for the user, where the usermay be presented with media for which the user has a high overallcoefficient with respect to the media object. As another example and notby way of limitation, the coefficient may be used to generateadvertisements for the user, where the user may be presented withadvertisements for which the user has a high overall coefficient withrespect to the advertised object. In particular embodiments, socialnetworking system 902 may generate search results based on coefficientinformation. Search results for a particular user may be scored orranked based on the coefficient associated with the search results withrespect to the querying user. As an example and not by way oflimitation, search results corresponding to objects with highercoefficients may be ranked higher on a search-results page than resultscorresponding to objects having lower coefficients.

In particular embodiments, social networking system 902 may calculate acoefficient in response to a request for a coefficient from a particularsystem or process. To predict the likely actions a user may take (or maybe the subject of) in a given situation, any process may request acalculated coefficient for a user. The request may also include a set ofweights to use for various factors used to calculate the coefficient.This request may come from a process running on the online socialnetwork, from a third-party system 908 (e.g., via an API or othercommunication channel), or from another suitable system. In response tothe request, social networking system 902 may calculate the coefficient(or access the coefficient information if it has previously beencalculated and stored). In particular embodiments, social networkingsystem 902 may measure an affinity with respect to a particular process.Different processes (both internal and external to the online socialnetwork) may request a coefficient for a particular object or set ofobjects. Social networking system 902 may provide a measure of affinitythat is relevant to the particular process that requested the measure ofaffinity. In this way, each process receives a measure of affinity thatis tailored for the different context in which the process will use themeasure of affinity.

In connection with social-graph affinity and affinity coefficients,particular embodiments may utilize one or more systems, components,elements, functions, methods, operations, or steps disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 8/503,093, filed Aug. 8, 2006, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 9/977027, filed Dec. 22, 2010, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 9/978265, filed Dec. 23, 2010, and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/632869, field Oct. 1, 2012, each of which isincorporated by reference in their entirety.

In particular embodiments, one or more of the content objects of theonline social network may be associated with a privacy setting. Theprivacy settings (or “access settings”) for an object may be stored inany suitable manner, such as, for example, in association with theobject, in an index on an authorization server, in another suitablemanner, or any combination thereof. A privacy setting of an object mayspecify how the object (or particular information associated with anobject) can be accessed (e.g., viewed or shared) using the online socialnetwork. Where the privacy settings for an object allow a particularuser to access that object, the object may be described as being“visible” with respect to that user. As an example and not by way oflimitation, a user of the online social network may specify privacysettings for a user-profile page identify a set of users that may accessthe work experience information on the user-profile page, thus excludingother users from accessing the information. In particular embodiments,the privacy settings may specify a “blocked list” of users that shouldnot be allowed to access certain information associated with the object.In other words, the blocked list may specify one or more users orentities for which an object is not visible. As an example and not byway of limitation, a user may specify a set of users that may not accessphotos albums associated with the user, thus excluding those users fromaccessing the photo albums (while also possibly allowing certain usersnot within the set of users to access the photo albums). In particularembodiments, privacy settings may be associated with particularsocial-graph elements. Privacy settings of a social-graph element, suchas a node or an edge, may specify how the social-graph element,information associated with the social-graph element, or content objectsassociated with the social-graph element can be accessed using theonline social network. As an example and not by way of limitation, aparticular concept node 1004 corresponding to a particular photo mayhave a privacy setting specifying that the photo may only be accessed byusers tagged in the photo and their friends. In particular embodiments,privacy settings may allow users to opt in or opt out of having theiractions logged by social networking system 902 or shared with othersystems (e.g., third-party system 908). In particular embodiments, theprivacy settings associated with an object may specify any suitablegranularity of permitted access or denial of access. As an example andnot by way of limitation, access or denial of access may be specifiedfor particular users (e.g., only me, my roommates, and my boss), userswithin a particular degrees-of-separation (e.g., friends, orfriends-of-friends), user groups (e.g., the gaming club, my family),user networks (e.g., employees of particular employers, students oralumni of particular university), all users (“public”), no users(“private”), users of third-party systems 908, particular applications(e.g., third-party applications, external websites), other suitableusers or entities, or any combination thereof Although this disclosuredescribes using particular privacy settings in a particular manner, thisdisclosure contemplates using any suitable privacy settings in anysuitable manner.

In particular embodiments, one or more servers may beauthorization/privacy servers for enforcing privacy settings. Inresponse to a request from a user (or other entity) for a particularobject stored in a data store, social networking system 902 may send arequest to the data store for the object. The request may identify theuser associated with the request and may only be sent to the user (or aclient system 906 of the user) if the authorization server determinesthat the user is authorized to access the object based on the privacysettings associated with the object. If the requesting user is notauthorized to access the object, the authorization server may preventthe requested object from being retrieved from the data store, or mayprevent the requested object from be sent to the user. In the searchquery context, an object may only be generated as a search result if thequerying user is authorized to access the object. In other words, theobject must have a visibility that is visible to the querying user. Ifthe object has a visibility that is not visible to the user, the objectmay be excluded from the search results. Although this disclosuredescribes enforcing privacy settings in a particular manner, thisdisclosure contemplates enforcing privacy settings in any suitablemanner.

The foregoing specification is described with reference to specificexemplary embodiments thereof. Various embodiments and aspects of thedisclosure are described with reference to details discussed herein, andthe accompanying drawings illustrate the various embodiments. Thedescription above and drawings are illustrative and are not to beconstrued as limiting. Numerous specific details are described toprovide a thorough understanding of various embodiments.

The additional or alternative embodiments may be embodied in otherspecific forms without departing from its spirit or essentialcharacteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in allrespects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of theinvention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than bythe foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning andrange of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within theirscope.

1. (canceled)
 2. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving, ata server device and from a first client device associated with a firstuser, a media segment; and providing, by at least one processor of theserver device, the media segment within a media presentation to a secondclient device for presentation within a display area comprising anactivation area and a deactivation area, wherein providing the mediapresentation to the second client device causes the second client deviceto: play the media presentation upon the media presentation entering theactivation area; and pause the media presentation upon the mediapresentation entering the deactivation area.
 3. The method of claim 2,wherein causing the second client device to pause the media presentationcomprises causing the second client device to display the mediapresentation with a representative media frame within the display areaof the second client device.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein therepresentative media frame comprises a last-played frame of the mediapresentation.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the representative mediaframe comprises a next un-played frame of the media presentation.
 6. Themethod of claim 2, wherein providing the media presentation to thesecond client device further causes the second client device to, afterpausing the media presentation upon the media presentation entering thedeactivation area, resume playing the media presentation upon the mediapresentation re-entering the activation area.
 7. The method of claim 6,wherein the media presentation resumes playing from a next un-playedframe of the media presentation.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein themedia presentation resumes playing from a first frame of the mediapresentation.
 9. The method of claim 2, further comprising causing thesecond client device to display, within the display area in connectionwith the media presentation, a selectable element that allows anadditional media segment to be appended to the media presentation. 10.The method of claim 9, wherein the selectable element is displayed overa portion of the media presentation.
 11. The method of claim 2, wherein:the activation area comprises a first activation area boundary and asecond activation area boundary; and the media presentation enters theactivation upon a predefined portion of the media presentation movingbetween the first activation area boundary and the second activationarea boundary.
 12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storinginstructions thereon that, when executed by at least one processor,cause a computer system to: receive, at a server device and from a firstclient device associated with a first user, a media segment; andprovide, by at least one processor of the server device, the mediasegment within a media presentation to a second client device forpresentation within a display area comprising an activation area and adeactivation area, wherein providing the media presentation to thesecond client device causes the second client device to: play the mediapresentation upon the media presentation entering the activation area;and pause the media presentation upon the media presentation enteringthe deactivation area.
 13. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 12, wherein the activation area corresponds to the mediapresentation within a collection of navigable media presentationsprovided to the second client device.
 14. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein causing the second clientdevice to pause the media presentation comprises causing the secondclient device to display the media presentation with a representativemedia frame within the display area of the second client device.
 15. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein therepresentative media frame comprises a last-played frame of the mediapresentation.
 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim14, wherein the representative media frame comprises a next un-playedframe of the media presentation.
 17. A system comprising: at least oneprocessor; and at least one non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium storing instructions thereon that, when executed by the at leastone processor, cause the system to: receive, at a server device and froma first client device associated with a first user, a media segment; andprovide, by at least one processor of the server device, the mediasegment within a media presentation to a second client device forpresentation within a display area comprising an activation area and adeactivation area, wherein providing the media presentation to thesecond client device causes the second client device to: play the mediapresentation upon the media presentation entering the activation area;and pause the media presentation upon the media presentation enteringthe deactivation area.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein providing themedia presentation to the second client device further causes the secondclient device to, after pausing the media presentation upon the mediapresentation entering the deactivation area, resume playing the mediapresentation upon the media presentation re-entering the activationarea.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the media presentation resumesplaying from a next un-played frame of the media presentation.
 20. Thesystem of claim 18, wherein the media presentation resumes playing froma first frame of the media presentation.
 21. The system of claim 17,further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least oneprocessor, cause the system to cause the second client device todisplay, within the display area in connection with the mediapresentation, a selectable element that allows an additional mediasegment to be appended to the media presentation, wherein the selectableelement is displayed over a portion of the media presentation.